Faculty Profiles

Dr. Ward Davis (Psy.D., Regent University) is an Associate Professor of Psychology, the Founder and Director of the Psychology and Spirituality Research Lab, and the Director of Research for the Wheaton College Humanitarian Disaster Institute (HDI). Previously, Dr. Davis was an Assistant Professor in the Rosemead School of Psychology (Biola University), where he received the Sorenson Outstanding Faculty Award in 2012. In 2020, Dr. Davis also received the Margaret Gorman Early Career Award within the American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) Division 36 (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality).

Dr. Davis has over 65 publications and has made over 80 professional presentations, mostly focusing on God representations, positive psychology, and the psychology of religion and spirituality. He has been the Co-Principal-Investigator on two research grants with the John Templeton Foundation—one studying natural disaster survivors ($1.9 million) and the other studying humility in humanitarian aid leadership ($220,000). He also is a licensed clinical psychologist and serves on the Editorial Board of three journals: Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (PRS, Associate Editor), Spirituality in Clinical Practice (SCP, Consulting Editor), and Journal of Psychology and Theology (JPT, Editorial Board). At Wheaton College, Dr. Davis teaches doctoral-level classes, mainly on psychological assessment.

On a more personal note, Dr. Davis enjoys spending time with his friends, his wife Meghan, and their three kids. He also enjoys backpacking, camping, working out, playing basketball, swimming, reading, singing, and playing the piano.

Biola University
Postdoctoral Psychology Fellowship, Biola University and the Biola Counseling Center, La Mirada, CA, 2012

Southern Louisiana Internship Consortium, LSU
Predoctoral Psychology Internship, Baton Rouge, LA, 2010

Regent University
Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, 2010

Regent University
M.A., Clinical Psychology, 2007

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
B.A. with Highest Honors, Psychology, 2002

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
B.A. with Highest Distinction, History, 2002

• Psychology of Spirituality and Religion
• Positive Psychology
• Assessment Psychology
• Multicultural Psychology

• American Psychological Association (APA)
• APA Division 36 (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality)
• Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS)
• Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (PRS), Associate Editor
• Spirituality in Clinical Practice (SCP), Consulting Editor

• American Psychological Association
• APA’s Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
• Christian Association for Psychological Studies
• Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (PRS) journal: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/rel/
• Wheaton College Humanitarian Disaster Institute (HDI)

• PSYC 743 Psychological Assessment I: Cognitive Foundations (PsyD)
• PSYC 744 Psychological Assessment II: Personality Foundations (PsyD)
• PSYC 797 Practicum Seminar (PsyD)
• PSYC 716 Clinical Interviewing (PsyD)

Dr. Davis directs the Psychology and Spirituality Research Lab (PSRL), which is a research team in the Wheaton College Psychology Department. PSRL is comprised of Wheaton graduate and undergraduate psychology students. The mission of PSRL is to advance the scientific study of spirituality to promote health and well-being. PSRL research and resources focus on the intersections between psychology and spirituality, with an emphasis on Christian spirituality.

More narrowly, Dr. Davis’s research interests center on relational spirituality--that is, the ways people view and relate to God. In particular, his research focuses on the scientific study of God representations, including how people conceptually view and experientially relate to God (e.g., doctrinal representations ["head knowledge"] and experiential representations ["heart knowledge"], respectively). His other research interests include positive psychology, multicultural psychology, and assessment psychology.

Aten, J. D. & Davis, E. B. (Co-Principal Investigator) (Dec. 2016 - Aug. 2019). Humility in the Context of Humanitarian Aid Work Leadership (a $220,000 subcontract project in Developing Humility in Leadership, Co-Principal Investigators: Peter C. Hill, Joshua N. Hook, & Don E. Davis, Funded: $1.9 million).

Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B. (Co-Principal Investigator), Boan, D., Van Tongeren, D. R., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N. (Aug. 2015 - July 2018). Earth as a School: Finding Meaning, Relating to God, and Experiencing Growth After a Natural Disaster. Funded: $1.9 million.

Cuthbert, A. D., Davis, E. B. (Co-Investigator), Aten, J. D., & Yarborough, C. A. (2014 – present). A Church-Based Humility Intervention Study. John Templeton Foundation. Funded: $22,000. Consultants: E. L. Worthington, Jr., D. E. Davis, Jr., J. N. Hook, D. R. Van Tongeren, & C. R. Lavelock.

Davis, E. B. (November, 2016). G. W. Aldeen Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $4,675.

Davis, E. B. (February, 2016). PsyD Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $1,500.

Davis, E. B. (December, 2015). Academic Technology Grant. Funded: $8,000.

Davis, E. B. (November, 2015). G. W. Aldeen Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $4,675.

Davis, E. B. (May, 2015). PsyD Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $1,500.

Davis, E. B. (November, 2014). G. W. Aldeen Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $4,500.

Davis, E. B. (November, 2014). Diversity & Justice Initiative Faculty Mini-Grant. Funded: $1,000.

Davis, E. B. (May, 2014). PsyD Faculty Research Grant. Funded: $500.

(* = student coauthor)

The relationship between religiousness and health among sexual minorities: A meta-analysis, Psychological Bulletin
Lefevor, G. T., Davis, E. B., Paiz, J. Y.*, & Smack, A. C. P.*, 2021

Psychological and spiritual outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective longitudinal study of U.S. adults with chronic disease, Health Psychology
Davis, E. B., McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Lemke, A. W.*, Cowden, R., VanderWeele, T. J.,... Aten, J. D., 2021

Spiritual fortitude: A systematic review of the literature and implications for COVID-19 coping, Spirituality in Clinical Practice 
Zhang, H.*, Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Davis, D. E., Jr., & Shannonhouse, I., 2021

The role of spiritual fortitude in search for meaning and mental health symptoms following a natural disaster, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Zhang, H., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., Davis, D. E.,  McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Davis, E. B., & Aten, J. D., 2021

The role of civility and cultural humility in navigating controversial areas in psychology, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Davis, E. B., Plante, T. G., Grey, M. J., Kim, C. L., Freeman-Coppadge, D.,… Glowiak, K.*, 2021  https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/scp0000236 

Spiritually oriented expressive writing and promoting positive outcomes after a natural disaster, The Counseling Psychologist
Mosher, D. K.*, Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E.*, Hodge, A.*, Bellegarde, N.*,… Aten, J. D., 2021

Why leader humility is vital to effective humanitarian aid leadership: A review of the literature, Disasters
Wang, D. C., Hall, M. E. L., Shannonhouse, L. R., Mize, M., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B.,… Annan, K., 2021

Perceived and actual posttraumatic growth in religiousness and spirituality following disasters, Journal of Personality
Davis, E. B., Van Tongeren, D. R., McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Davis, D. E., Rice, K. G.,… Lemke, A. W.*, 2021 

Trauma and well-being in Columbian disaster contexts: Effects of religious coping, forgiveness, and hope, Journal of Positive Psychology
Chen, Z. J., Bechara, A. O., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Davis, E. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2021 

Functional social support moderates stress on depression in individuals with CID during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave study, International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Moak, E.*, Morgan, G., Cowden, R. G., Davis, E. B., Glowiak, K. J.*,… Stamatis, A., 2021

Religious coping and depression: A five-wave study during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with chronic illness and disease, International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
McHenry, R.*, Morgan, G. B., Cowden, R. G., Davis, E. B., Glowiak, K. J.*,… Stamatis, A., 2021

Including multiculturalism, social justice, and peace within the integration of psychology and theology: Barriers and a call to action, Journal of Psychology & Theology
McConnell, J. M., Bacote, V., Davis, E. B., Brown, E. M., Fort, C. J.,… Davis, D. E., 2021 

Spiritual first aid for COVID-19, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Aten, J. D., Shannonhouse, L. R., Davis, D. E., Davis, E. B., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., Zhao, J. H., McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Schruba, A., Annan, K., & Mize, M. C.*, 2020

A practice-based investigation of God representations in spiritually integrated psychotherapies, Journal of Clinical Psychology
Currier, J. M., McDermott, R. C., Stevens, L. T.*, Isaak, S. L.*, Davis, E. B.,… Stefurak, J. T., 2020

Clergy attitudes about ways to support the mental health of sexual and gender minorities, Journal of Religion & Health
Raedel, D.*, Wolff, J., Davis, E. B., & Ji, P., 2020

Resource loss and stress following conflict in Africa: Conservation of resources theory in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Journal of Traumatic Stress
Snyder, J. D.*, Boan, D., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Van Grinsven, L.*, … & Liu, T., 2020

The effectiveness of trauma-informed wilderness therapy with adolescents: A pilot study, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy
Johnson, E. G.*, Davis, E. B., Johnson, J., Pressley, J., Sawyer, S., & Spinazzola, J., 2020

Re-imagining integration: Student and faculty perspectives on integration training at Christian doctoral psychology programs, Journal of Psychology and Theology
Neff, M. A.*, Peterson, M. A., McMinn, M. R., Kuhnhausen, B., Dunkerley, J., … & Ripley, J. S., 2020

Existentially threatening stimuli increase religious cognitive dissonance among the less intrinsically religious, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Van Tongeren, D. R., Davis, E. B., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., & Aten, J. D., 2019

Religious/spiritual struggles alter God representations, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Van Tongeren, D. R., Sanders, M., Edwards, M., Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., . . . Davis, D. E., 2019

Religious meaning making and attachment in a disaster context: A longitudinal qualitative study of flood survivors, Journal of Positive Psychology
Davis, E. B., Kimball, C. N., Aten, J. D., Andrews, B., Van Tongeren, D. R., . . . Park, C. L., 2019

The behaviors, benefits, and barriers of humanitarian aid leader humility, Journal of Psychology and Theology
Shannonhouse, L. R., Mize, M. C. B., Hall, M. E. L., Aten, J. D., Wang, D. C., … & Tongeren, D. R., 2019

Measures of God representations: Theoretical framework and critical review, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Sharp, C. A., Davis, E. B., George, K., Cuthbert, A. D., Zahl, B. P., . . . Aten, J. D., 2019

Religious factors and global meaning violation in Louisiana flood survivors, Traumatology
Dispenza, F., Davis, E. B., McElroy, S. E., Davis, D. E., Zeligman, M. R., . . . Hook, J. N., 2019

Prejudicial and welcoming attitudes toward Syrian refugees: The roles of cultural humility and moral foundations, Journal of Psychology & Theology
Captari, L. E.*, Hook, J. N., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Hook, J. M., … & Shannonhouse, L. R., 2019

We welcome refugees? Understanding the relationship between religious orientation, religious commitment, personality, and prejudicial attitudes toward Syrian refugees, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
Carlson, M. M.*, McElroy-Heltzel, Aten, J.D., Davis, E. B., Van Tongeren, D. R., … & Davis, D. E., 2019

“Mere” Christian forgiveness: An ecumenical Christian conceptualization of forgiveness through the lens of stress-and-coping theory, Religions
Worthington, E. L., Jr., Rueger, S., Davis, E. B., & Wortham, J., 2019

Religious support buffers the indirect negative psychological effects of mass shooting in church-affiliated individuals, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
San Roman, L., Mosher, D. K.*, Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E.*, Aten, J. D., … & Campbell, C. D., 2019

Faith in the wake of disaster: A longitudinal qualitative study of religious attachment following a catastrophic flood, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
Davis, E. B., Kimball, C. N., Aten, J. D., Hamilton, C., Andrews, B., . . . Chung, J., 2019

Development and validation of a measure of spiritual fortitude, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
Van Tongeren, D. R., Aten, J. D., McElroy, S., Davis, D. E., Shannonhouse, L.,… & Hook, J. N., 2019

The psychological study of religion and spirituality in a disaster context: A systematic review, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
Aten, J. D., Smith, W., Davis, E. B., Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., . . . Hill, P., 2019

Posttraumatic growth and trauma in flood survivors: Contributions of attitudes toward God, Journal of Mental Health Counseling
Zeligman, M., McElroy, S. E., Davis, E. B., Davis, D. E., & Dispenza, F., 2019

Conserving resources after a chronic disaster: Impacts of religious and meaning-focused coping on Botswana drought survivors, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy
Shannonhouse, L., Bialo, J.*, Majuta, A.*, Zeligman, M., Davis, D. E.,… & Hook, J. N., 2019

Cultivating humility in religious leaders: The effectiveness of a spiritually integrated positive psychology intervention, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Cuthbert, A. D., Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., Short, A., Yarborough, C. A., . . . Van Tongeren, D. R., 2018

Theistic relational spirituality: Development, dynamics, health, and transformation, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, E. B., Granqvist, P., & Sharp, C., 2018

Religious coping, dispositional forgiveness, and posttraumatic outcomes in adult survivors of the Liberian civil war, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Ochu, A. C., Davis, E. B., Magyar-Russell, G., O’Grady, K. A., & Aten, J. D., 2018

Disasters, religion, and spirituality [Special issue}, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Davis, E. B., & Aten, J. D. (Eds.), 2018

An introduction to the special issue on “disasters, religion, and spirituality.”, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Davis, E. B., & Aten, J. D., 2018

Benevolent theodicies protect against PTSD following a natural disaster, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Davis, E. B., Davis, D. E., Aten, J., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., & Hwang, J., 2018

The role of spiritual fortitude and positive religious coping in meaning in life and spiritual well-being following Hurricane Matthew, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
McElroy-Heltzel, S. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gazaway, S.*, Ordaz, A.*, Davis, D. E.,… & Stargell, N. A., 2018

Negative religious coping and burnout among national humanitarian aid workers following Typhoon Haiyan,  Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Captari, L. E.*, Hook, J. N., Mosher, D. K.*, Boan, D., Aten, J. D.,… & Van Tongeren, D. R., 2018

A grounded theory of the practice of disaster spiritual and emotional care: The central role of practical presence, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Schruba, A. N., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., & Shannonhouse, L. R., 2018

Psychological first aid and the role of scientific evidence Christians’ provision of disaster spiritual and emotional care, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Schruba, A. N.*, Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., Wang, D. C., Entwistle, D. N., & Boan, D., 2018

The Humanitarian Disaster Institute: A training model for graduate-level psychology and counseling programs, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Aten, J. D., Boan, D., Davis, E. B., & Schruba, A. N., 2018

Advancing scientific research on disasters, religion, and spirituality, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., Van Tongeren, D., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., & Shannonhouse, L. R., 2018

Students in faith-based doctoral psychology programs: Religious/spiritual struggles moderate the effect of distress from clinical work on negative affect, Journal of Psychology and Theology
Strosky, D., Wang, D., Hill, P. C., Long, J., Davis, E. B., & Cuthbert, A. D., 2018

The meaning as a buffer hypothesis: Spiritual meaning attenuates the effect of disaster-related resource loss on posttraumatic stress, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Haynes, W. C., Van Tongeren, D. R., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Boan, D., & Johnson, T., 2017

Collaboration between clergy and mental health professionals in disaster contexts: Lessons from the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Curtis, J. B., Aten, J. D., Smith, W., Davis, E. B., Hook, J. N., . . . Cuthbert, A. D., 2017

Attachment avoidance to God exacerbates the negative effect of tangible resource loss on psychological resource loss, Mental Health, Religion, & Culture
Massengale, M., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., Zelaya, D. G., Shannonhouse, L.,… & Hill, P., 2017

Culturally adapted spiritually oriented trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for child survivors of Restavek, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Wang, D. C., Aten, J. D., Boan, D., Jean-Charles, W., Griff, K. P., Valcin, V., Davis, E. B., . . . & Wang, A., 2016

God image narrative therapy: A mixed-methods investigation of a controlled group-based spiritual intervention, Spirituality in Clinical Practice
Olson, T., Tisdale, T. C., Davis, E. B., Park, E., Nam, J., Moriarty, G. L., Davis, D. E., Thomas, M. J., Cuthbert, A. D., & Hays, L. W., 2016

Ebola as an existential threat? Experimentally primed Ebola reminders intensify national-security concerns among extrinsically religious individuals, Journal of Psychology and Theology
Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Aten, J. D., & Davis, E. B., 2016

Qualitative and mixed methods research on relational spirituality [Special section], Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, E. B., & Tisdale, T. C. (Eds.)., 2016

Enlarging the psychology of religion and spirituality research paradigm: Introduction to the special section on qualitative and mixed methods, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, E. B., & Tisdale, T. C., 2016

Using qualitative and mixed methods to study relational spirituality, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, E. B., Cuthbert, A. D.*, Hays, L. W.*, Aten, J. D., Van Tongeren, D. R.,… & Boan, D., 2016

Efficacy of religion-accommodative strategic hope-focused theory applied to couples therapy, Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice
Ripley, J. S., Leon, C., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Berry, J. W., Davis, E. B., Smith, A., Atkinson, A., & Sierra, T., 2014

Relational spirituality and forgiveness: Appraisals that may hinder forgiveness, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., Davis, E. B., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Foxman, S., 2014

Spiritual formation training in the Wheaton College Psy.D. program: Nurturing the growth of servant-oriented practitioner-scholars, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Flanagan, K. S., Pressley, J. D., Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., Sanders, M., Carter, J. C., Jackson, A., & Kent, J., 2013

God images and god concepts: Definitions, development, and dynamics, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
Davis, E. B., Moriarty, G. L., & Mauch, J. C., 2013

The effects of a manualized group-psychotherapy intervention on client god images and attachment to God: A pilot study, Journal of Psychology and Theology
Thomas, M. J., Moriarty, G. L., Davis, E. B., & Anderson, E. L.*, 2011

The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual: A potential adjunctive tool for diagnosis, case formulation, and treatment, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Davis, E. B., & Strawn, B. D., 2010

The false self in Christian contexts: A Winnicottian perspective, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Parker, S., & Davis, E. B., 2009

Intact marriages in which on partner experiences same-sex attraction: A five-year follow-up study, The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families
Yarhouse, M. A., Gow, C. H., & Davis, E. B., 2009

A developmental model of supervisee religious and spiritual development, Journal of Psychology and Christianity
Ripley, J. S., Jackson, L. D., Tatum, R. L., & Davis, E. B., 2007

Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: Hostile personality, empathy, and aggressive behavior, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Bartholow, B. D., Sestir, M. A., & Davis, E. B., 2005

Spiritual, religious, and existential processes of posttraumatic growth: Seeking, struggle and transformation, Routledge international handbook on posttraumatic growth
Captari, L.*, Sandage, S., Davis, E. B., Aten, J., Cowden, R. G.,… & Van Tongeren, D. R., 2021

What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger? Or does it?, Psychology Today
Davis, E. B., 2020, May

Does adversity really make us stronger? Usually not, Character in Context
Davis, E. B., Priebe, C.*, & Van Tongeren, D. R., 2020, March

Virtues in positive psychology and the psychology of religion and spirituality: Existing overlap and promising possibilities, The Oxford handbook of psychology and spirituality (2^nd ed.)
Worthington, E. L., Jr., Cowden, R. G., Davis, E. B., & Exline, J. J., in press

Embodied spirituality following disaster: Exploring intersections of religious and place attachment in resilience and meaning-making, Psychology of religion and place: Emerging perspectives
Captari, L. E.*, Hook, J. N., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., & Tisdale, T., 2019

Religion, spirituality, and meaning in the wake of disasters, In S. E. Schulenberg (Ed.), Disaster mental health and positive psychology
Van Tongeren, D. R., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Davis, D. E., & Hook, J. N., 2018

How faith impacts post-disaster resilience—and what the church can do, Facts & Trends
Aten, J. D., & Davis, E. B., 2018, October 11

Faith and disaster mental health: Research, theology, and practice, In H. Gingrich & F. Gingrich (Eds.), Treating trauma in Christian counseling and psychotherapy
Aten, J. D., Schruba, A., Entwistle, D., Davis, E. B., Ranter, J., Hwang, J., . . . & Van Tongeren, D. R., 2017

Humility and psychotherapist effectiveness: Humility, the therapy relationship, and psychotherapy outcomes, In E. L. Worthington, Jr., D. E. Davis, & J. N. Hook (Eds.). Handbook of humility: Theory, research, and application
Davis, E. B., & Cuthbert, A. D., 2017

Psychoanalysis, Dictionary of Christianity and Science
Davis, E. B., & Cuthbert, A. D.*, 2017

Sigmund Freud, Dictionary of Christianity and Science
Davis, E. B., & Cuthbert, A. D.*, 2017

Evidence-based principles from psychodynamic and process-experiential psychotherapies, Evidence-based practices for Christian counseling and psychotherapy
Edwards, K. J., & Davis, E. B., 2013

Promoting the career well-being of religiously/spiritually oriented employees by supporting their emotional resilience and spiritual fitness, Psychology of religion and workplace spirituality
Davis, E. B., & Hill, P. C. 2012

Client God images: Theory, research, and clinical practice, In J. Aten, K. O’Grady, & E. Worthington, Jr. (Eds.), The psychology of religion and spirituality for clinicians: Using research in your practice
Moriarty, G. L., & Davis, E. B., 2012

Dr. Ward Davis directs the Psychology and Spirituality Research Lab (PSRL), which is a research team in the Psychology Department at Wheaton College. PSRL is comprised of Wheaton graduate and undergraduate psychology students.　The mission of PSRL is to advance the scientific study of spirituality to promote health and well-being.　At PSRL our research and resources focus on the intersections between psychology and spirituality, with an emphasis on Christian spirituality.　Our activities primarily include: (a) writing scholarly articles and book chapters; (b) conducting original research and disseminating our findings; and (c) offering downloadable resources for use by scholars, scientists, practitioners, and leaders, as well as the interested public.