ࡱ> (( F/ 0|DArialngsRomanLL/Ԗ-a0Ԗ"DTahomagsRomanLL/Ԗ-a0Ԗ" DTimes New RomanLL/Ԗ-a0Ԗ0DWingdingsRomanLL/Ԗ-a0Ԗ@DTimesngsRomanLL/Ԗ-a0Ԗ A .  @n?" dd@  @@`` 3'       !"  '()*+,/0 0AA@83ʚ;ʚ;g4kdkd4W-a0ppp@ <4dddd))0L/ 80___PPT10 ?  % (Chapter 10: Experimental Research Design))^ This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program <rY  Introduction |Research Design the outline, plan, or strategy used to answer the research question Purpose of research design Control for unwanted variation Suggests how data will be statistically analyzed*oPoP*Designs with Threats to Internal Validity++One-Group Posttest-Only Design Treatment Response X Y Rarely useful because no pretest or control group Almost all threats to internal validity apply Is useful only when specific background information exists on the DVHZZZ One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Pretest treatment Posttest Y X Y Most threats to internal validity exist To infer causality must identify and demonstrate that internal validity threats do not exist Z".".  Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Design Treatment Posttest Exper. Gp. X Y Control Gp. Y No assurance of equality of groups because they were not randomly assigned May confound selection with treatment effectB#Bx#Bx>< /Requirements of Experimental Research Designs00$Answer the research question or test the hypothesis Control for the effect of extraneous variables With control techniques (Randomization) With a control group group that does not get the IV or gets some standard value Serves as source of comparison to experimental group Controls for rival hypothesis Should allow generalizability of the results tcxS-cxS-; Pretesting Participants To increase sensitivity through matching To test for a ceiling effect To test for initial position To insure initial comparability To obtain evidence of change Experimental Research DesignsPosttest-Only Design Treatment Response Exper. Gp X Y Control Gp Y Represents basic components of most designs*v,v,>8(7  Types of Posttest-Only DesignsBetween-participants Can also match participants prior to random assignment to insure equivalence on the matched variable Within-participants<ee 3Types of Between-Participants Posttest-Only Designs44$Simple-Randomized Used with more than 2 levels of one 1 IV Participants randomly assigned to group Factorial Used to test The effect of more than one IV The interaction of several IV s Participants randomly assigned to groupsR ?)R ?) ( Simple-Randomized Posttest-Only Design)(\ Treatment Response Group I Y Group II X1 Y Group III X2 Y Group IV X3 Y  \]  Factorial DesignM Independent Variable A1 A2 A3 Independent B1 Variable B B2 B3NJ  Components of a Factorial Design!!BCell a treatment combination of two or more IV s Main effect the effect of one IV Interaction effect when the effect of one IV depends on the level of another IVClassic Interaction Effects Treatment Row A1 A2 A3 Mean B1 30 B2 30 Column 30 30 30 Meant] oDifficulties with factorial designs Increases the number of research participants Difficulty in interpreting higher-order interactions. Advantages of factorial designs Can manipulate more than one IV Can control potential extraneous variable by building it into the design Provides greater precision when you add more than one IV Can test the effect of interactions v$d $d * Within-Participants Posttest-Only Design+* Treatment A1 A2 A3 Same 20 P1 P1 P1 Participants in . . . Each Treatment . . . Condition P20 P20 P20 J   T    Advantages of within-participants design Equivalence of research participants Requires fewer participants than between-participants design Disadvantage of within-participants design Sequencing effectsT)b+)b+Pretest-Posttest DesignPrimary unique characteristic is that it includes a pretest in addition to a posttest Pre- test Treatment Post-test Exper. Gp Y X Y Control Gp Y Y .>2/ !"#$ % & ' ( +,-/ 0` r77f3/Ʊ` fff` KfxP` 7_/U<ff` HghXs3q̙` WXcklugti~^ӤO` ־3f3f` 33^` J%xiff3>?" dd@,?nFd@  d nF@ d`nF n?" dd@   @@``PP   @ ` ` p>> rj@(  6 T ~  "~  c B@CW DEF"d@ W @W @W W @`".~  c B,CW DEF"d@ W ,W ,@`". \ ~  "~  c B CDEF"@   @`"(4  c B C DEF"d@ @`"(W4  c BtC DEF"d@t t tt@`"~   c B CDEF"@ @`"([4W   c B CDEF"d@ @`"(4   c B CDEF"2@  @`"(4[   c BC DEF"d@ @`"_   c BC DEF"@ @`"  c BC DEF"@  @`"\  B䂧 ?"0F  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0 "0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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