Finke, Roger and Rodney Starke. The Churching of America, 1776-1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy (Rutgers, 1992).
Noll, Mark A. A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. (Eerdmans, 1992).
Reid, Daniel G. et. al., ed. Dictionary of Christianity in America. (Intervarsity Press, 1990).

The origins and growth of evangelicalism in 18th and early 19th-century America, and studies of key figures in this period:

Carwardine, Richard. Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (Yale, 1993).
Hambrick-Stowe, Charles. Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Eerdmans, 1996).
Hatch, Nathan O. The Democratization of American Christianity (Yale, 1989).
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt (Knopf, 1997).
Marsden, George M. Jonathan Edwards: A Life (Yale University Press, 2003)
Noll, Mark A. America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln (Oxford, 2002)
_____. The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys (InterVarsity, 2003).
Raboteau, Albert. Slave Religion: The "Invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South (Oxford, 1978).
Smith, Timothy S. Revivalism & Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (Harper & Bro., 1957).
Stout, Harry S. The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism (Eerdmans, 1992).

Evangelicalism and the American religious scene in the period from the War Between the States to the First World War:

Bebbington, David W. The Dominance of Evangelicalism: The Age of Spurgeon and Moody (InterVarsity, 2005).
Dorsett, Lyle. Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America (Eerdmans, 1991).
Findlay, James R. Dwight L. Moody, American Evangelist: 1838-1899 (Chicago, 1969).
Frank, Douglas. Less Than Conquerors: How Evangelicals Entered the Twentieth Century (Eerdmans, 1986).
Hutchison, William R. The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism (Harvard, 1976).
Montogomery, William E. Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900 (LSU, 1993).
Moore, James R. The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A Study in the Protestant Struggle to Come to Terms With Darwin in Great Britain and America, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, 1979).
Ownby, Ted. Subduing Satan: Religion, Recreation, and Manhood in the Rural South, 1865-1920 (North Carolina, 1990).

The origins and nature of the fundamentalist movement, as well as some of its major personages:

Bendroth, Margaret Lamberts. Fundamentalism and Gender, 1875 to the Present (Yale 1993).
Carpenter, Joel A. Revive Us Again: The Resurgence of American Fundamentalism: 1925-1950 (Oxford, 1997).
Hart, D.G. Defending the Faith: J. Gresham Machen and the Crisis of conservative Protestantism in America (Johns Hopkins, 1994).
Larson, Edward J. Summer For the God's: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion. (Harvard, 1997).
Marsden, George M. Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (Oxford, 1980).
Russell, C. Allyn. Voices of American Fundamentalism: Seven Biographical Studies (Westminster, 1976).
Sandeen, Ernest R. The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800-1930 (Chicago, 1970).
Trollinger, William Vance, Jr. God's Empire: William Bell Riley and Midwestern Fundamentalism (Wisconsin, 1990).

The Rise of 'Evangelicalism' and the Period Since World War II:

Ammerman, Nancy. Baptist Battles: Social Change and Religious Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention (Rutgers, 1990).
Balmer, Randall. Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Journey Into the Evangelical Subculture in America (Oxford, 3rd ed., 2000).
Colson, Charles with Richard John Neuhaus, eds. Evangelicals and Catholics Together: Toward a Common Mission (Word, 1995).
Graham, Billy. Just As I Am: The Autobiography (HarperCollins, 1997).
Henry, Carl F. H. The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism (Eerdmans, 1946).
Lindsell, Harold. The Battle For the Bible (Zondervan, 1976).
Martin, William. A Prophet With Honor: The Billy Graham Story(William Morrow, 1991).
Marsden, George. Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism (Eerdmans, 1987).
McGrath, Alister. Evangelicalism and the Future of Christianity (InterVarsity, 1995).
Noll, Mark A. The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (Eerdmans, 1994).
Richardson, Michael. Amazing Faith: The Authorized Biography of Bill Bright (Waterbrook, 2000).

Aspects of the post-war separatistic fundamentalist movement:

Dalhouse, Mark Taylor. An Island in the Lake of Fire: Bob Jones University, Fundamentalism & The Separatist Movement (Georgia, 1996).
Dollar, George W. A History of Fundamentalism in America (Bob Jones, 1973).

The origins, development and spread of the pentecostal and charismatic movements:

Anderson, Robert Mapes. Vision of the Disinherited: The Making of American Pentecostalism (Oxford, 1979).
Blumhofer, Edith W. Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture (Illinois, 1993).
_____. Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybody's Sister (Eerdmans, 1992)
Burgess, Stanley M., Gary B. McGee, and Patrick H. Alexander, eds. Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. (Zondervan, 1988).
DiSabatino, David. The Jesus People Movement: An Annotated Bibliography and General Resource (Greenwood, 1999).
Harrell, David Edwin. All Things Are Possible: The Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern America (Indiana, 1975).
_____. Oral Roberts: An American Life (Indiana, 1985).
Martin, David. Tongues of Fire: The Explosion of Protestantism in Latin America (Oxford, 1990).
Stoll, David. Is Latin America Turning Protestant? The Politics of Evangelical Growth (California, 1990).
Synan, Vinson. The Holiness-Pentecostal Movement in the United States (Eerdmans, 1971).
Wacker, Grant. Heaven Below: Early Pentecostals and American Culture (Harvard, 2001).

For an understanding of the recent evolution of evangelicals' place within American culture, involvement in politics, and a sampling of evangelical political and cultural analysis, see:

Bruce, Steven. The Rise and Fall of the New Christian Right: Conservative Politics in America, 1978-1988. (Oxford, 1988).
Hatfield, Mark. Between a Rock and a Hard Place (Word, 1976).
Henry, Paul B. Politics For Evangelicals (Judson, 1974).
Hunter, James Davison. Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America (Basic Books, 1991).
Lienesch, Michael. Redeeming America: Piety & Politics in the New Christian Right (North Carolina, 1993).
Reed, Ralph. Active Faith: How Christians Are Changing the Soul of American Politics (Free Press, 1996).
Schaeffer, Francis A. A Christian Manifesto (Crossway, 1981).
Wallis, Jim. Agenda for Biblical People (Harper & Row, 1976).

Contemporary Sociological Data on Evangelicals:
There are any number of articles and various compilations of survey data that have looked into various dimensions of this issue. For a general overview of questions about numbers, demographics, and the relationship to evangelicals' political involvement and preferences, see the following:

Green, John, Lyman Kellstedt, and Corwin Smidt. Religion and the Culture Wars: Dispatches From the Front (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996).
Emerson, Michael O. and Christian Smith. Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America (Oxford, 2000).
Gallagher, Sally K. Evangelical Identity & Gendered Family Life (Rutgers University Press, 2003)
Hoge, Dean with Mark Noll. "Levels of Contributions and Attitudes Toward Money Among Evangelicals in Canada and the U.S." in Larry Eskridge and Mark Noll, eds., More Money, More Ministry: Money and Evangelicals in Recent North American History (Eerdmans, 2000).
Smith, Christian. American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving (Chicago, 1998).
Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II (Princeton, 1988).

Evangelicals' use of the media to reach the masses:

Fuller, Daniel P. Give the Winds a Mighty Voice [Charles E. Fuller] (Word, 1972).
Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Anson Shupe. Televangelism: Power & Politics On God's Frontier (Henry Holt, 1988).
Howard, Jay R. and John M. Streck. Apostles of Rock: The Splintered World of Contemporary Christian Music (Kentucky, 1999).
Schultze, Quentin J., ed. American Evangelicals and the Mass Media (Zondervan, 1990).
_____. Televangelism and American Culture: The Business of Popular Religion (Baker, 1991).
Sweet, Leonard I., ed. Communication and Change in American Religious History (Eerdmans, 1993).
Ward, Mark, Sr. Air of Salvation: The Story of Christian Broadcasting [National Religious Broadcasters] (Baker, 1994).
Wosh, Peter J. Spreading the Word: The Bible Business in Nineteeth-Century America (Cornell, 1994).

Evangelical views on prophecy and the end times:

Boyer, Paul. When Time Shall Be No More; Prophecy Belief in American Culture (Harvard, 1992).
Davis, John Jefferson. Christ's Victorious Kingdom: Postmillennialism Reconsidered (Baker Books, 1986).
Gaustad, Edwin S., ed. The Rise of Adventism: Religion and Society in Mid- Nineteenth-Century America (Harper & Row, 1974).
Ladd, George Eldon. The Blessed Hope (Eerdmans, 1956).
Lindsey, Hal. The Late, Great Planet Earth (Zondervan, 1970).
Ryrie, Charles C. Dispensationalism (Moody Press, 1996).
Weber, Timothy P. On the Road to Armageddon: How Evangelicals Became Israel's Best Friend (Baker, 2004).

Further Reading and Research on Evangelicalism