James Herbert and Winnifred Mary (Shepherd) Kane - Collection 182

[Note: What follows is a description of the documents in this collection which are available for use at BGC Archives in Wheaton, Illinois, USA. The actual documents are not, in most cases, available online, only this description of them. Nor are they available for sale or rent. Some or all of this collection can be borrowed through interlibrary loan. ]

Table of Contents

Collection 182
[September 13,2004]
Kane, James Herbert; 1910-1988, and Winnifred Mary; 1912-1983
Papers; 1934-1976, 1982, 1987, n.d.
4 Boxes (DC; 1.65 cubic feet), Audio Tapes, Books, Periodicals

Restrictions

There are no restrictions on the use of this collection.

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR INTERVIEWS T1, T2, AND T3 OF THIS COLLECTION.

Biography

James Herbert Kane was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on April 25, 1910. His parents, Robert and Ada (McCleave) Kane, had recently been won to Christ by a missionary on furlough, and they dedicated Herbert, their second child, in the Montreal Plymouth Brethren Assembly. Herbert himself became a Christian at the age of fourteen through the ministry of a Brethren evangelist and began studying the Bible via correspondence courses published by Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. During his teen years, he was involved in Christian work in Sunday School, teaching, open-air meetings, house-to-house visitation, tract distribution, and personal witnessing.

During his young adulthood in Montreal, Kane felt the call to missionary work in China through reading the periodical China's Millions, and books Borden of Yale '09 and Life and Work of Hudson Taylor, all published by China Inland Mission. On July 30, 1932, he was married to Winnifred Mary Shepherd, and a month later the couple commenced three years' schooling in Moody Bible Institute's missions course, graduating in April, 1935. From MBI, the Kanes went to China Inland Mission's candidate school for three weeks, after which they were accepted for service in China. Before departing for China, they transferred church membership to the Onward Gospel Church in Verdun, Quebec, where Winnifred had been reared; this congregation helped support them throughout their mission years.

In September, 1935, the Kanes traveled from their native Montreal to Vancouver by train and then via ocean liner to Shanghai, where they arrived at the end of that month. After intensive language study at the CIM school in Hwaining [new spelling, Huaning], Anhwei [new spelling, Anhui] province, the Kanes were assigned in April, 1936, to the CIM mission in another Anhui city, Fowyang, [new spelling, Fuyang] "one of the largest and most spiritually prosperous stations in the whole mission." Herbert's principal work was a Bible Conference ministry in the 150 rural churches in the country surrounding Fuyang. In the fall of 1936, the Kanes traveled to Shanghai seeking a hospital where Winnifred could safely have her appendix removed, after which they returned to Fuyang. A tonsillectomy for Herbert necessitated another trip to Shanghai in the fall of 1937, and the opening of hostilities at that time between China and Japan (the Sino-Japanese War) precluded Winnifred's returning to Fuyang with her husband. Herbert continued CIM work in Fuyang under the constant, imminent threat of war, and Winnifred, meanwhile, gave birth to a son, Gordon Stanley, on April 3, 1938, in Shanghai.

Six weeks later, Japan bombed Fuyang, and missionary evacuation from that city reunited the Kanes in Shanghai. Again, in autumn, 1938, Herbert went back to Fuyang, where he stayed the winter. In March, 1939, he traveled to Shanghai, and brought his wife and son "home" to Fuyang. Douglas Nelson, their second son, was born at Fuyang February 12, 1940. (A third son, Norman David, was born in America, October 31, 1954.) The Kanes continued in the city through bombings by Japan in February, July, and August, 1941; they remained there when furlough was past due since World War II had cut off the possibility of ocean travel. The family left Fuyang in the fall of 1944, only to be stranded in India several months until the close of the war opened the way home.

In September, 1946, the Kanes sailed for China, this time via the Atlantic, Mediterra-nean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean. They enrolled Stanley and Douglas in the CIM school at Shanghai and in December returned to Fuyang to resume the mission work there. Again, civil unrest plagued the area, this time from the Communist-Nationalist China civil war. When Herbert and Winnifred took a vacation in the summer of 1947, they carefully stowed their valuables in hopes of fooling marauders. In November of that year, Fuyang fell to the Communists and CIM evacuated its missionaries. Winnifred departed for Shanghai immediately; Herbert's last view of Fuyang was in April, 1948, following the Communist recapture of the city. The family was reunited in Kuling, Kiangsi [new spelling, Jiangzi] province, where Winnifred and the boys had been since January, when the CIM school abandoned Shanghai for that mountain resort.

Kane was reassigned to Wuhu, Anhui province, and in December, 1948, Winnifred was released from her duties at the Kuling school and joined him there. Wuhu fell to the Communist troops in April, 1949, and the Kanes remained in that city for some months, endeavoring to continue their missionary work. By 1950, they felt that Communist restrictions were wholly negating their missionary effort; the Kanes arrived at this conclusion before the CIM director did and, unable to convince the latter of the hopelessness of the situation, they were forced to resign from CIM before they could prepare to leave China. This they did in July, 1950, and they left China in October, arriving in San Francisco in December.

From January through August, 1951, Herbert Kane was interim pastor of the Onward Gospel Church in Quebec, the church which had supported them in the mission field. In September, the family moved to Providence, Rhode Island, where Herbert joined the faculty of Providence Bible Institute (later Barrington College) as an instructor in missions and New Testament; he also served as associate dean of men. Winnifred spent part of their twelve years at Barrington as associate dean of women. In September, 1963, the Kanes moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where Herbert was Director of Missions at Lancaster Bible College; Winnifred served as registrar, director of Christian service, and coordinator of off-campus employment at the college. The Kanes capped their professional careers at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois, where Herbert taught in the School of World Mission and Evangelism from 1967 to 1980, while Winnifred was in charge of the library reserve desk at the school. In August, 1980, the Kanes retired to Oxford, Ohio.

Herbert Kane received a B.A. from Barrington College in 1954, an M.A. from Brown University in 1960, and an L.H.D. from Barrington College in 1971. He was presented with Moody Bible Institute's Alumnus of the Year award in 1981. During his tenure at Trinity, he served as president of three mission organizations: the Association of Evangelical Professors of Mission (AEPM), the Midwest Fellowship of the AEPM, and the American Society of Missiology. His articles appeared in Moody Monthly, Christianity Today, Missiology, Eternity, and Evangelical Missions Quarterly. His books included: Twofold Growth (CIM, 1946), Faith Mighty Faith (IFMA, 1956), The Progress of World-wide Missions (Harper, 1960), A Global View of Christian Missions (Baker, 1975), Christian Missions in Biblical Perspective (Baker, 1976), A Concise History of the Christian World Mission (Baker, 1978), Life and Work on the Mission Field (Baker, 1980), and The Christian World Mission: Today and Tomorrow (Baker, 1981).

NOTE: In the Scope and Content description, the notation "folder 2-5" means box 2, folder 5.]

Scope andContent

Collection 182 consists of the following kinds of written records: correspondence; articles, address and interview texts; lecture notes; Herbert Kane's master's thesis and some of the research materials he used in writing it; runs of China-related periodicals; newspaper clippings; news releases; and interviews with Dr. and Mrs. Kane. Each type of material will be expanded upon below.

Correspondence

The correspondence (folders 1-34 through 3-2 and 4-5) is more fully dealt with in a calendar which follows in Appendix 2 of this guide. The Kane letters, written wholly to family members at home in Quebec, document the Kanes' mission work from the time of their departure in 1935 through their arrival in California from China in 1950. There is no correspondence from March, 1945, to July, 1946, during which time the Kanes were home on furlough. It is evident from the correspondence that not all of the letters written are extant in this collection. For instance, some letters written in June, 1947, concerning the Communist occupation of Fuyang, China, are referred to in other missives, but are themselves missing.

Often the letters were written over several days' time. Such letters appear in the calendar under the earliest date noted. Recipients of the letters are not noted in the calendar, unless there are two of the same date. Many one-page notes with minimal informational value, which were enclosed in longer letters to the family in general, have not been separately noted. One interesting aspect of the earlier correspondence is the overlapping which occurs when Herbert and Winnifred Kane each report the same incidents, affording readers two separate views.

Fellow missionaries frequently mentioned in the correspondence, but not often in conjunction with any specific item worthy of calendaring, are Carl and Anne Glittenberg, George and Ruth Steed, Ruth Nowack, Gordon Dunn, Marvin Dunn, and Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Mair. Also continuously mentioned in the 1935 and 1936 correspondence are language teachers Mr. Yien and Mr. Wong.

Circular letters (folders 3-1 and 3-2) were prepared for mass distribution to the Kanes' prayer partners in North America and elsewhere. Their style is different from the personal correspondence, for obvious reasons; they describe in capsule form what the family letters discuss in great detail. It should be noted that Circular Letter #13, dated February 18, 1949, was never sent out, according to the family correspondence of that year.

Correspondence from the 1970s (folder 4-5) includes an overview of non-Caucasian membership of Overseas Missionary Fellowship (OMF), and a letter from Senator Mark Hatfield regarding revised CIA regulations for the use of missionaries as information sources. Also contained in the folder are address lists of CIM alumni and OMF personnel in the United States and an OMF position paper regarding spiritual gifts and their use, particularly in regards to speaking in tongues. Note: All the items in this folder were found in books donated by the Kanes to the BGC Library (now Evangelism & Missions Collection of the Wheaton College Archives & Special Collections.

Articles, Addresses, Interviews

The second type of record in this collection is the texts of addresses (folders 1-1 to 1-5), articles (folders 1-6 to 1-33), and interviews (folder 3-8). The addresses and articles will be considered in this guide as a unit; in some cases (eg. folders 1-11 and 1-13) it is questionable whether a text was intended for speech notes or as a draft for publication. They address a wide spectrum of religious issues and secular concerns. Some of the topics are:

Special note is given to the following addresses/articles. Folder 1-4 is a series of radio (?) addresses for the New Life Hour, all on the subject of witnessing, using Acts 1:8 as a text. Folder 1-5 appears to be the keynote address for a leadership workshop. Folder 1-6 concerns Bible translation and the American Bible Society. Folder 1-12 contains a chapter from "a new book to be published at Moody [Press]"; it is heavily edited and annotated by the Kanes' son, Douglas, who became an economist in the employ of the Illinois state government. Folder 1-24 is a research paper prepared for a class at Brown University, where Herbert Kane received his M.A.

The two interviews (folder 3-8) both concern missions. One was conducted for radio station WNAC in Boston and the other for the Lancaster School of the Bible in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, when Kane was a member of the faculty there.

Lecture Notes, etc.

This series of records (box 3, folders 3 through 7 and 9 through 11) concern Kane's career as a professor of missions. While he taught at Barrington College, Lancaster College of the Bible, and Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in the course of his career, the only school specifically noted in the material as being the scene of the lectures is Trinity.

Folders 3-3 through 3-6 concern a class taught at Trinity, "Missions and the Ecumenical Movement." Topics included in the lecture notes, lecture outlines, and background articles and clippings are:

World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh, 1910

International Missionary Council (IMC)

IMC 1st World Assembly, Jerusalem, 1928

IMC Ghana Conference, 1957-58

Whitby (Ontario) Missionary Conference, 1947

Willengen Missionary Conference, 1952

Faith and Order Movement

Life and Work Movement

World Council of Churches (WCC)

National Council of Churches (NCC)

Roman Catholicism/Vatican II

WCC General Assembly, Uppsala, Sweden, 1968

Cooperation among evangelicals

Church of Christ Uniting (COCU)

United Bible Societies

Student Christian Movement

Ecumenism in Protestant missions

Ecumenism in the Roman Catholic Church

International Council of Christian Churches (ICCC)

Church Union Movement

Intermission conferences of the nineteenth century

Church of South India (a union formed from six previously independent denominations)

Intercommunion

Southern Presbyterian (PCUS) possible merger with the Reformed Church

Overseas Missionary Fellowship and ecumenism

Visser 'T Hooft

E. Stanley Jones

Church of England

Arthur P. Johnston: addresses to WCC general assemblies, Bangkok, 1973, and Nairobi, 1975

Mission Executives Retreat, Winona Lake, 1967

WCC "Faith and Order Conference," Montreal, 1963

Faith missions

World Methodist Council

Folder 3-7 contains a syllabus for an independent study on the history of missions. While entitled a syllabus, it is in fact a textbook which brings together notes and articles on the history of Christian missions from the first century to the present day, following this order of themes: Rome; Europe; clash with Islam; Roman Catholicism; origin of Protestant missions; expansion of the same in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and contemporary mission endeavor in Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, the Middle East, Africa, South America, Central America, Oceania, and Europe.

An historical synopsis of Islam is the topic of folder 3-9; it includes copies of Evangelical Mission Information Service's publication Muslim World Pulse. Folder 3-10 concerns a course taught at Trinity on "Missionary Public Relations and Administration," which covered how missionaries should package their programs when reporting for newspaper/ magazine publicity, for speaking engagements, and for government relations. It included the topic of evangelical missions' relations to American foreign policy, colonial governments, sovereign foreign governments, the Roman Catholic Church, and each other. Another Trinity course was "Missions in a Revolutionary Age" (folder 3-11); it covered missions with respect to colonialism, nationalism, communism, and third-world developing nations. Individual case studies were made of China and the Soviet Union. Attention was also given to the question of whether humanization or salvation was the goal of mission work.

Master's Thesis

This consists of J. Herbert Kane's master's thesis and some of the research materials he used in writing it. The thesis, The Protestant Church in Communist China, 1949-1958, was completed in 1960 and presented to Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. The Archives' copy of this book was Kane's personal copy and is available in the Rare Book Room of the Graham Center Library (see Location Record: Books).

China-related Periodicals

Also transferred to the Library were significant runs of China-related periodicals. China Bulletin was published by the Far Eastern Joint Office, Division of Foreign Missions, National Council of Christian Churches, U.S.A. It was edited by Francis P. Jones. This set of issues is nearly complete from late 1951 to the last issue published in June, 1962 (when it was replaced by China Notes), a total of 218 issues extant in this collection. Another periodical transferred to the library is The Canadian Far Eastern Newsletter

(twenty-one scattered issues, 1953 to 1962). This was edited by James G. Endicott and was published at Toronto. Endicott, one-time evangelical missionary to China, became very bitter against missions, which he perceived to be thinly-veiled imperialism.

Other materials which remain with the Archives are in box 4 of the collection. Folder 4-1 contains four Chinese paperbound books, with titles roughly translated as follows:

New Democracy, New Times Study Series, Vol. 1

The People, the Political Association, and Three Important Documents, New Times Study Series, Vol. 3

What is the United Battlefront? New Times Study Series, Vol. 7

The International View of Today's Mainland China. Overseas Publishers

[Taiwan], December, 1956.

Newspaper Clippings

Folder 4-2 contains newspaper clippings concerning the Church in China, 1957, a typescript report by Rev. R. Sommerville about his impressions of the Protestant Church in China gathered during his 1956 visit to China as part of the New Zealand Cultural Group, and two news releases from New China News Agency, London. Folder 4-3 contains pamphlets entitled:

"Christianity in Free China (Formosa)" by Hollington K. Tong

"What is Ahead for China?" by Hollington K. Tong

"New China as we Saw It" by Homer G. and Muriel J. Brown, 1956.

"The Impact of the October Revolution of 1917 on the International Missionary Movement" by James G. Endicott

"Report of the Japanese Christian Delegation to China" by Walter Freytag

"How Red China Tortures Protestant and Catholic Missionaries" by Francis Cardinal Spellman

"Quakers Visit China" by members of the British Quaker Museum

News Releases

Folder 4-4 consists of eleven "news releases" by Thomas I. Lee, former missionary and now private citizen of Minnesota. These mimeographed releases are addressed "To friends interested in the Christian Church in China," and include translations of many articles published in Peking in the Spiritual Food Quarterly (Wang Ming Tao, editor) and The New Church, a periodical published in Hankow. The issues covered are relations between the Communist state and the Protestant Church and how the Church was forced to acquiesce in government policies. The Geneva Conference of 1954 is discussed in its relation to the Church. Thomas I. Lee was a missionary under the Evangelical Lutheran Church to China 1924-27, 1929-38, and 1945-49. He severed connections with the Evangelical Lutherans in 1955 at their request when his insistence on speaking publically concerning China was held to be embarrassing and potentially dangerous to the Church.

Oral History Interviews

J. Herbert (#T1) and Winnifred M. (#T2) Kane were interviewed by Galen R. Wilson at the Billy Graham Center, April 20, 1982. J. Herbert Kane (#T3) was interviewed by Craig Alexander on November 11, 1987. The time period covered by the interviews is 1932-1950. The column to the left of the topics records the approximate time elapsed from the beginning of the tape. The indexes are keyed to the cassette copies and not to the reel-to-reel original.

Tape #T1 - Side 1 (Click to link to the transcript of this tape)

00:00 Introduction to interview of April 20, 1982

00:15 Bible Conference ministry description--three-day annual events for outstations in Fuyang district

06:45 Separate seating of men and women in churches; description of Fuyang church physically and spiritually

08:45 Chinese propriety concerning segregation of sexes

09:30 Kanes walk to church separately to avoid offending Chinese custom; several examples of adjusting own customs to avoid offense--especially in dress

13:45 Ruth Nowack's experience of returning to Fuyang after furlough wearing Western dress

15:00 No great sacrifice in giving up some customs

15:45 Herbert and Winnifred Kane forego a goodbye embrace in public so as not to offend

17:15 Rural churches: pulpit supply in dearth of ordained clergy--lay preachers and leaders; description of rural church buildings

21:00 Spiritual fervor of rural churches; reading classes in phonetic script; real Bible teaching is the province of missionaries; lack of erudition in local weekly rural services

25:30 Baptisms and communion at annual conferences

26:00 Watchman Nee and Little Flock: Kane discusses what happened in other provinces between Little Flock and CIM; Anhui province largely untouched; Watchman Nee and association with Plymouth Brethren

28:45 "Jesus Family"--charismatic sect; Kane discusses outstations' conflicts with this sect although there was not any direct conflict in Fuyang.

30:15 Rearing children in China; m.k. schools; the Kanes' effort to paint the best picture of CIM school experience so that their sons will look forward to going

34:15 Comparison of education two older sons received in China to that which their youngest son received in the United States

36:45 Closeness of family preserved even through physical separation; quality of time together; Christmas holidays spent together

39:45 Missionary children learn independence early; value of regimentation in m.k. school; achievements of m.k.s--they go largely into the professions rather than business; Kane tells what their sons are doing now

44:30 Bishop Frank Houghton

46:45 CIM China director John R. Sinton

48:15 Political situation in China, 1940s; reasons why CIM leaders in Shanghai did not realize severity of situation until long after Fuyang missionaries did; Houghton's difficulty in believing that God could allow Chiang Kai-Shek to be defeated by Communists

52:00 Experiences of staying on field during Communist takeover

52:45 Difficulty in watching ministry close in Fuyang; Herbert and Winnifred Kane separate voluntarily to keep the work alive as long as possible; memories of last time he saw Fuyang.

55:15 No contact with Fuyang after leaving China--because it would be too risky for Chinese to receive mail from a missionary

56:45 Kane's arrest in Wuhu--description of interrogation

59:45 End of side one

Tape #T1 - Side 2

00:00 Beginning of side 2

00:00 The "Manifesto" of May, 1950--how it came about, pros and cons of it, history of Christian church's relations with Chinese government, facts used to paint a black picture of missionary motives. Difficulties in trying to keep relations with Chinese Christian friends when they would be incriminated by association with missionaries

08:30 Relief of Chinese Christians when missionaries withdrew--largely misinterpreted both in China and in the West

10:15 End of interview

Tape #T2 - Side 1 (Click to link to the transcript of this tape)

00:00 Introduction to interview of April 20, 1982

00:30 Moody Bible Institute--getting an education during the Depression; jobs, etc.

02:30 Chinese church services--description of lack of decorum

04:30 Giving up bits of own culture to be an effective missionary; husband-wife relationship in public; going separately to church and not conversing in public

06:45 Older missionaries give hints and tips concerning what is acceptable and what is not in Chinese custom; examples of mistakes and unintentional breaches of propriety; care to be used in avoiding a wrong impression

09:45 Reasons for choosing China as a mission field

12:00 Recent deaths of John and Betty Stam no deterrent to their going

13:30 Language school; women's school separate from men's in accordance with Chinese custom

15:00 Madam Chiang at Kuling, 1948

16:15 Chiang Kai-shek's relations with CIM

17:30 Missionary children

19:00 Chefoo School operated by CIM [later moved to Kuling]--quality of education, dedication of teachers

21:00 Faculty of school--headmaster Stanley Houghton; list of several teachers; Mrs. Kane discusses own experiences as matron at Kuling

22:00 Preparing selves and children for the break coming when children went to school--they tell children this is THEIR contribution to the mission work, and describe the opportunities for fun there; acknowledgement that separation from children was the one real sacrifice they made for the mission work

24:45 Experiences as a matron at Kuling school, especially how she saw children adjusting to the new environment away from home; keeping close ties via mail; enclosures in letters

27:00 Stanley Kane's run-ins with a bully at school

28:15 Stanley Houghton--description of him and how he dealt with children at school

29:15 Children's relations with teachers at CIM school

30:15 Special opportunities she had to be a mother to her sons while they were all together at Kuling

31:15 Separation from husband Herbert: "when you do it for the Lord's sake, He takes care of it." She compares their own separations to those of Rudolph Bosshardt and Arnolis Hayman and their wives

34:30 Jail evangelism not the most fruitful of their ministries

35:15 The fruitful ministries: (1) evangelism done by Chinese in bands, (2) an old woman with bound feet who walked all over countryside telling the gospel, (3) Bible Conference ministry, (4) phonetics school which enables Chinese to read the Bible. Chinese do the evangelistic work, and the missionaries do the teaching

38:00 United Nations relief supplies distributed through missionaries

40:15 Case studies of home visitation

42:00 Husband-wife relations among Chinese; response to love from missionaries always excellent

43:15 Communists come to Fuyang; reasons for her evacuation--they do not wish to leave children orphans

44:15 Soldiers come into Kanes' home in Fuyang during occupation

46:00 Wuhu: conditions for mission work decline after Communist occupation; missionaries become an embarrassment to local church

49:15 No word at all from Christian friends since coming home in 1950; desire to go back to China IF they could go to old haunts; recent bits of information about Fuyang area--lots of house-churches operating

52:30 Difficulties in leaving China and in giving up the work; joy in recent word that the work did not die

55:45 End of interview

Tape #T3 - Side 1 (Click to link to the transcript of this tape)

00:00 Beginning of tape

00:15 Introduction to interview of September 11, 1987

00:45 Policy of CIM for the work in China; Sino-Japanese War; neutrality of CIM

02:15 History of upheavals in China; exposure of missionaries during upheavals; policy to stay no matter what happened

04:15 The Kanes' return to China in fall of 1946 after World War II; 400 missionaries returned to China on one ship

05:00 Expectations of missionaries after war; Nationalists and Chiang Kai-Shek's unification of China

07:00 City of Fuyang, where Kane's were working, falls to Communists for the first time six months after their return

08:00 Communists take over, set up "soviets"

09:15 Poor people strip public buildings at behest of Communist guerrillas; Nationalists return and seek to punish poor people; Kane intervenes with mayor on behalf of the poor people

10:30 Fuyang falls to the Communists a second time who stay for six days; strip rich people of everything they own and give it to the poor people

12:15 Purpose for being in China was to help people; people changed by Christianity made good citizens. Communists claimed they had the same purpose but were much faster

16:45 Chinese Nationalists never fought to keep Fuyang. U.S. gave many gifts to Chiang Kai-Shek but could not give knowledge nor will to fight

18:45 Communists take Fuyang for the third time and set up government there.

20:00 CIM policy during Chinese civil war: "We are going to stay." CIM's work confined to China so they had no retreat outside of that country

21:15 Bishop Frank Houghton's belief that God would not permit Chiang Kai-Shek to be defeated by Mao Tse-tung; Houghton's illness; leadership of John Sinton

23:00 Feeling of missionaries toward CIM policy. Concern about two month separation from children at school in Kuling caused by civil war

25:15 Start of the Korean Conflict; affect on missionaries; battles on the Yalu River

27:00 Reasons the Kanes left China: U.S. number one enemy to Communists; local Chinese Christians ask American missionaries to leave

31:15 Christian work was stopped; "Singing Standing on the Promises while sitting on the premises." Consequences of missionary visit to Chinese churches, homes; Christian Manifesto, Three-Self Patriotic Movement

33:00 Isolation of CIM headquarters; reasons for their resignation; reasons for CIM withdrawal from China just two months after Kanes' resignation

36:00 CIM withdrawal for financial, not political, reasons. Money frozen in bank due to Korean Conflict

42:00 Search teams sent to other countries to continue CIM work elsewhere; gift from Sudan Interior Mission; decision to work with Chinese in other Asian countries

45:15 All missions pulled out when money gave out. Communists against religion, which resulted of loss of people; story of planting opium in Pastor Chung's pillow, his arrest and disappearance

47:00 Explanation of comity arrangement between various mission organizations

48:00 Reputation of missionaries in China

50:00 End of side one

Tape #T3 - Side 2

00:00 Beginning of tape

00:05 Overlap from side one

04:15 Reputation of the Christian church in Fuyang

05:15 Nature of Chinese in North China: honest, open, and friendly

06:00 Work among Muslims most difficult. Mission work among peasants difficult due to their view of government

09:15 Communists win over peasants because they provide things for them: education, medical service. Communists fear intellectuals and students

12:15 Lessons derived from missionary service: establish indigenous churches; go into countries only by invitation

14:15 Difficulty of decision to leave China; guidance seen upon receipt of passage money from home church

18:30 Guidance found when individuals and teams come together; commitment to China

21:15 No hard feelings between Kanes and CIM. "Our rapport has been beautiful ever since."

21:30 End of interview

*****

Provenance

The materials in this collection were received by the Center from Dr. and Mrs. J. Herbert Kane in April 1980, April and June 1981, March and April 1982, November 1987 and March 1994.

Accession #80-54, 81-41, 81-60, 82-38, 82-39, 82-53, 87-126
November 2, 1981
Galen R. Wilson

March 18, 1982, revised
Galen R. Wilson

May 28, 1982, revised
Galen R. Wilson

February 11, 1988, revised
J. Nasgowitz

June 3, 1992, updated & revised
Janyce H. Nasgowitz
M.L. Wohlschlegel
D. Tamte-Horan

Accession #94-21
July 27, 2004, updated
Christian F. Sawyer

This calendar lists all of the correspondence found in Collection 182, folders 1-34 through 2-14. Abbreviations used: JHK = J. Herbert KANE, WSK = Winnifred Shepherd Kane. (Please note. The modern spellings replace the old spellings of Chinese place names mentioned in the following correspondence as follows: Chekiang = Zhejiang; Honan = Henan; Hupeh = Hubei; Hwaining = Huaning; Kiangsi = Jiangxi; Kweichow = Guizhow; Nanking = Nanjing.)