Assignments in the Archives
Exercise # 4, Introduction to Evangelical history
Purpose of Exercise: To give students a taste of Evangelical history through the use of primary sources, whether emphasizing the life and work of a person, the ministry of an organization, or event or subject.
Description of Class session and exercise (01:05 total, see attached sheet for details):
00:00-00:20 Registration, introductions (begins 5 minutes before start of class), and preliminary comments
00:20-00:40 WHL (long)
00:40-00:55 Follow-up comments re procedures
00:55-01:05 Description of assignment
01:05 End of class session
01:05- Independent browsing in finding aids, selecting documents
Materials needed:
for orientation: video cart w/ WHL, sample guide, exercise handout, photocopy of Jim Elliott journal, Web home page copies, video projector
for assignment: all boxes, folders, audio and video tapes, etc., from attached pull list
Note: The selection of items from which students choose has evolved to include more items and is grouped differently
Classes used with:
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 09/27/96
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 11/18/96
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 09/26/97
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 11/24/97
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 09/23/98
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 09/20/99
Tim Philips' Theology of Culture 11/15/99
April 7, 2000
PAE
Tim Phillips class (September 23, 1998)
9:10-9:25 Registration and introduction
9:25-9:40 Welcome to the Archives & introductory comments
1. You have stepped through one the campus's force fields
2. For many or all of you, this is out of your comfort zone: you may not know what to do or how to act. You may not realize what's expected of you. I recall when I first moved to the Philippines when I was right out of college, my supervisor suggested that I learn the transportation system by going out and getting lost. This is your chance to be a little reckless and do the same thing.
3. Q: Why do you think we have these rules?
4. Q: What is it about an archives that is so threatening?
5. Procedures scare some people off
6. People don't really know what an archives is
7. You don't have to be a history nerd to come here and at your own pace draw strength from our collections, or gather information for a paper or maybe that dissertation which you have yet to discover lies on your horizon. There should be something here for all of you.
8. Example: Two years ago a class was here for an orientation session and in a randomly-pulled file a student randomly pulled a folder from a box which contained documents written by his missionary grandfather
9. We want to make this stimulating and enjoyable
10. Evangelical history is your history. You may know few of the names, events or organizations which have had a more prominent role in it. There may be parts of Evangelical history or culture that you are embarrassed by or would like to be disassociated from, but these are like distant cousins. They comprise part of this family of which we, you are a part.
11. This history is of people to whom you're spiritually related. They worked for Christ and His Kingdom, accept the Bible's authority, felt compelled to tell other people about Jesus, and were not jaded to the spiritual and physical needs of the world and have thrown their entire lives into meeting those needs in the power of the Holy Spirit. This history is also of people who sometimes do those things without much skill, unsuccessfully, with few results.
12. Our goal is to make this history a little more concrete for you. History isn't just a string of headline-making events where power is exerted, money or land changes hands, or people make important decisions. History is also the routine events which comprise most of our lives. History is the stories of peoples lives. And history is also our understanding of those stories and events.
13. Our remaining time together consists of three parts:
a. Look at orientation video
b. Talk about your assignment
Questions?
9:40-10:00 WHL (long)
10:00-10:10 Follow-up comments:
1. Let's review where things are in this room and what you do when you come in
2. Despite the current arrangement, we only have seating for ten. If you come and the room is full, you've have to wait or come back.
3. Q: How often do you need to sign the registration book? Every visit. And you sign out as well.
4. You only fill out a registration form once a year
5. Hang your coats outside, store your stuff on this cabinet
6. You need to use our paper. Why do you think that is? We also require you to use pencils, your own or ours, so that we don't get ink on these original documents.
7. The two microfiche readers are available along the back wall and a third is available in the Graham Center Library
8. Written guides to all our collections can be found in the file cabinets at the back of the room; full-text copies of those guides are also available and searchable on our computer over there. Also included there are the texts of those oral history interviews we have transcribed. All the guides are available through our Web page, as are all transcribed interviews.
9. We have one PAC terminal here in the Reading Room in the back corner
10. We have a photocopier which you can use to copy documents, but it doesn't use a copy card, so you'll need to bring money to do your copying.
11. We also have guides to other collections on the wall, so you can find out what other archives have on your subject or other areas of the country or the world.
12. (And we've got a great window, unlike many rooms in this building.)
13. Any questions about any of this? Who do you ask if you do have questions? Desk staff.
10:10-10:20 Describe the assignment
1. You already have your assignment sheet. When is the assignment due?
2. You each will take your assigned item and use it as the starting point on the person, event, organization or topic that you've selected. For those of you with multiple items, you aren't expected to read them all.
3. Notice that your item falls within a general category. Part of your assignment is to relate your person, organization or event to this broader theme.
4. Remember, this is a starting point:
a. You can read more that your assigned document
b. You can use other materials outside the Archives for background
c. If there are many documents listed for your item, you aren't required to read all of them or even all of a very long document
3. This is not a high-powered assignment. It is intended to be enjoyable and stimulating. On your assignment description from Dr. Phillips, you have the list of questions you need to respond to. Tim, do you want to say anything further about the assignment?
4. Keep a few things in mind when you're reading or listening or watching.
a. These documents weren't created for the purpose you're now using them.
1. Corrie ten Boom wrote her sister to maintain contact
2. Billy Graham writes a sermon text to use at a crusade.
3. An Inter-Varsity staffworker writes a monthly report to be accountable to his supervisor.
4. Interesting as they now are to us, Jim Elliot wrote in his diary to record his reflections. Let me read you an excerpt for Thanksgiving Day, 1948:
5. The movie Jungle Blood Hunters was produced to stimulate a missionary awareness in churches.
d. So what? What difference do these things make? What does why they were created matter to how you read them? How could you misinterpret one of these documents if you didn't take their original purpose into consideration?
e. Consider also the person's perspective. If you have the account of a person who attended Billy Graham's 1962 Chicago Crusade and she said it was very badly run, you would want to know whether this person was on the planning committee or an out-of-town visitor who was dragged to the meeting by a zealous relative or neighbor. The person might have a bias toward Billy Graham and was being charitable in saying it was very badly run, or they may have an ax to grind about evangelists.
5. To close, you need to give me your registration form and sign your time out as you leave. You all have your list of items so you can fill in the topic line of your registration form.
6. If you've got those things already finished, you are free to go. Most of the files and photographs and videotapes are already pulled, so if you would like to stay and begin work you may.
10:20 Looking at documents
Evangelicals have grown up exposed to an almost exclusively secular interpretation of American history. Like African-Americans, we also have been omitted from the essential narrative and set of actors that constitute the American heritage and culture.
Guided by the staff of the BGC Archives, you will recover some of this ignored and suppressed history, and hopefully gain a better understanding of your religious heritage. Prior to September 23 you will receive a list of individuals, institutions and events available for research; you will be assigned one of these figures to research. Then on September 23 class will meet at the BGC Archives (BGC 307, inside the Wheaton College Archives & Special Collections (formerly the Billy Graham Center Library); here you will be introduced to the opportunities and procedures for this research; you will begin to investigate an institution, person, conference ... through the resources available in the BGC archives.
Focus on the following questions as you pursue your work:
7. How does this person, institution, conference ... fit into our evangelical heritage. In other words, what did this person do, what is their significance?
2. How did this person, institution, conference ... relate to the culture and/or a social issue of the day?
3. What does this person's work reflect about our evangelical heritage?
4. How do you feel about this person's life work? Does it encourage, attract, repel you... ?
On a separate sheet type 3-4 paragraphs summarizing these questions, absolutely no longer than 2 pages. At the top of the page place your name, cpo #, the name of the person you investigated, and the collection box and folder numbers of the specific resources you examined
Archival documents assignment [9/98]
The following list identifies some of the documents which you can use to launch your investigation. Consult the guide to the collection you choose the item from, because the guide may point you to other materials on the same person, event, agency or subject. (Those documents which relate to an overseas situation should be examined for their reflection of Evangelical history and culture and intersection with more general American culture. Consider their impact as representatives of American culture, particularly if during the colonial period or that of transition from colonial to national rule.)
Not all the names of individuals will be familiar to you, in some cases because the people are not major Evangelical figures and don't have broad name recognition. Instead they are everyday Christian workers who contributed to the spread of the gospel in their corner of operation. Focus on the trend or movement or organization of which they were a part.
Missions themes:
8. Mission films developed in the 1950s for use by churches. Two samples are the 30-minute Jungle Blood Hunters (Collection 225, videotape V2) and the 17-minute Mau-Mau Country (Collection 81, videotape V1). Mau-Mau Country depicts the work of the Africa Inland Mission in Kenya and how it was affected by the Mau-Mau conflict. Jungle Blood Hunters describes the work of Christian and Missionary Alliance worker Gordon Smith in French Indochina, including scenes of the government of the French-backed Vietnamese emperor, and some indirect references to guerrilla warfare. Both films depict missions during the colonial era, how mission agencies portrayed themselves to their American supporters, and the climate in which they worked. (Viewing videotapes or films requires advance notice and reserving the viewing room)
9. Jim Elliot's journals, 1948-1955. (Collection 277, microfilm Reel 1). Wheaton alumni for whom Elliot Hall was named, Elliot has become a symbol of Christian devotion and commitment as a result of his murder by Huaorani or Auca Indians.
10. Letters and manuscript describing the Boxer Rebellion in China (Collection 188, folder l-2). Transcript of a 2-page letter written by Elizabeth Atwater on 8/3/1900 just before her execution by the Boxers. See also Collection 215, folder 4-13 for a 1-page transcript of letter written on 7/4/1900 from China Inland Mission worker Gertrude Dreyer to her mother about the Boxers and a Jonathan Goforth manuscript about fleeing the Rebellion (Collection 188, folder 2-5).
11. Reports, memos, affidavits and other material (Collection 449, 1-7) relating to the murder of John and Betty Stam by Communists in China in 1934. The Stams' deaths sparked commitments by many young people to join the work of world missions and became a symbol of the cost of preaching the gospel.
12. Letter by missionary Herbert Kane to his mother (Collection 182, folder 2-12). Kane's letter describes his reaction to the decision by Bishop Houghton, leader of China Inland Mission, not to evacuate mission personnel from China during the Chinese civil war. Dec. 19, 1948. Also see Audio Tape T1, an oral history Interview recorded in 1982 with Kane, where he discusses CIM's policy about leaving China 1948-1950.
13. Letter (4 pages) by Esther Hess written in 1945 (Collection 232, folder 1-1). Hess was an American missionary to China. Her letter describes her experiences in an internment camp where she was imprisoned from 1942-1945 during World War II.
14. Newspapers printed by Christian servicemen stationed in Japan and the Philippines during and after World War II (Collection 406, folders 1-16,17,18,19, and 2-18,19). The groups of military personal, known as the GI Gospel Hour went on to form the mission agency first known as Far Eastern Gospel Crusade.
15. Robert Hockman's letter dated "Wednesday, October ?" as a missionary and Red Cross doctor (Collection 200, folder 1-6). The typed 3-page letter to his family in the United States describes Red Cross activities during the Italian-Ethiopian conflict, health care in the country, problems caused by the war. 10/1935.
16. Typed 6-page report written in Autumn 1942 by China Inland Mission worker W. A. McIlwaine on the prospect of foreign missions in Japan after the war against Japan, which America had just entered, was concluded (Collection 215, folder 5-5).
17. Handwritten 4-page letter (October 23, 1903) from Africa Inland Mission worker John Stauffacher to his fiance in the United States (Collection 281, folder 1-2). Stauffacher describes the Masai people and discusses relations between blacks and whites. Also see folder 1-41, in which Stauffacher describes the early history of the mission and his part in expeditions which developed into the mission's outreach to the Masai.
18. Correspondence between William Borden and China Inland Mission leader Henry Frost (Collection 215, folder 3-80). Borden was part of the wealthy Borden dairy family. The correspondence, written when Borden was a teenager and a young man covers his school work, Christian beliefs, training to be a missionary, and trip up to his death in Egypt (1913) on his way to China. The file also includes a eulogy and other documents about him. (Files related to Borden's estate can be found in folders 6-1,2). Also of interest is folder 3-41, which relates to Borden Memorial Hospital, the CIM hospital named for him in China. The Moody Church records include several scrapbooks about Borden, perhaps compiled by his mother who attended the church. Also included are postcard and photo scrapbooks describing a 1905 trip Borden took to visit missionaries and learn about their work. (Collection 330, folders 71-1,2,3; Photo Album: Moody Church - VIII ). If you choose this item, you should also read Borden's biography, Borden of Yale.
19. Letter (March 22, 1898) from Judson Smith, secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) to a Dr. Daniels (Collection 173, folder 2-9). Smith's letter consists of his report on a trip to China to visit mission stations, hospitals, schools, churches, etc.
20. Typed 2-page letter (August 31, 1928) from Africa Inland Mission worker William J. Maynard to AIM Home Secretary H. D. Campbell in the United States (Collection 81, folder 16-18). Maynard describes relations between the colonial government and missions, attitudes of some of the tribes to mission work, and health care in the colony.
21. Audio tape (ca. 1963) of informal comments by a missionary in Vietnam describing the condition of the country and effect of the war on mission work (Collection 17, audio tape T42). 20 minutes.
22. Typed 9-page transcript of a letter (November 8, 1854) from missionary David Livingstone to Charles Livingstone in the United States (Collection 261, microfilm reel 223). The letter discusses the slave trade and what should be done to suppress it, while also touching on Catholic missions in the colony.
23. Oral history interview recorded in 1979 with Christian and Missionary Alliance worker Robert Ekvall (Collection 92, audio tape T1). Ekvall describes his childhood on the Chinese-Tibetan border, education at Wheaton, study of the Tibetan language, and efforts to contextualize the gospel for Tibetan culture. Approximately 1-1/2 hours.
24. Letters, written in 1949 and 1950, between Christian and Missionary Alliance worker Victor Plymire and China Inland Mission worker Ken MacGillinay about the Communist takeover in China (Collection 341, folder 1-24).
25. Oral history interview recorded in 1979 with Africa Inland Mission worker Paul Stough (Collection 89, audio tape T2). In the second of a series of tapes, Stough describes income levels in the Belgian Congo, level of literacy, attitudes of colonial whites toward missionary work, transition of ministry from mission to national control, the Mau-Mau movement, and the place of tribes in African culture. Approximately 100 minutes.
26. File of articles from Christian publications and popular periodicals such as Life, as well as other items about the murders by the Auca Indians of five missionaries (P. James Elliot, Peter Fleming, Edward McCully, Nathanael Saint and Roger Youderain) (Collection 349, oversize folder OS1). The materials also report on the faith of the martyred men's wives and children, and the continuing missionary work among the Aucas.
27. Debbie Dortzbach was kidnaped by the Eritrean Liberation Front while she worked with her husband as a short-term missionary in Ethiopia in 1974. An oral history interview with her describes her ordeal (Collection 402, audio tape T1), and among her papers are the diary she kept during her captivity, a letter from the ELF concluding that the negotiations for Debbie's release were unproductive, and the letter accompanying her release by the ELF (402-1-1).
28. Sarah Troyer Young went to China in 1896 for what became a only four-year term of service ending with her execution along with her husband during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. Among Young's papers (Collection 542, folder 1-2 through 8) are letters written to family members about missionary life, social problems and her itinerant evangelism in rural China. (Her letters give no evidence of the coming disaster which the Boxer Uprising became.)
29. Urbana Student Missionary Conventions, sponsored by Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship since 1946, have become a major feature on the American Evangelical landscape and a significant contributor to the process of motivating and informing college students about missions, and is a point to which many missionaries refer as significant in their decision to become missionaries. IVCF's records include very little from the early Urbanas and voluminous material from several more recent ones. A poster (Collection 300, oversize folder 27) is one of the few items from the first convention in Toronto. Also in the collection are the missionary response cards (boxes 389 and 390) spanning 1947 to 1949, which participants then, as now, used to indicate their commitment to serve as missionaries. Among the information entered on the cards are: name, address, college, expected year of graduation, church, intended mission field, date of pledge.
30. Woman's Union Missionary Society, formed in 1860, was an influential agency which activated single women to join in the missionary enterprise, a role they had been previously denied. Among the over one hundred years of the mission's records are correspondence files (Collection 379, folders 1-1 through 2-5) from the infancy of the mission, including individual reports of activities to mission leaders, minutes of field meetings, and personnel records.
Charismatic/Pentecostal issues:
31. Video and audio tapes of healing evangelist Kathryn Kuhlman. Included are one of Kuhlman's rarely recorded healing services (Collection 212, videotapes V126 & V127, Las Vegas) and several appearances on television talk shows (videotapes V124, V125). Also available is an oral history interview done by an author with Kuhlman in preparation of a book on her life (audio tapes T2108 to T2112)
32. Videotaped 1953 sermon, "Deep Calling Unto Deep" by Pentecostal healing evangelist William Branham (Collection 123, videotape V1).
33. Transcripts of sermons on the Holy Spirit by Aimee Semple McPherson (Collection 103, microfilm reel 16). McPherson was well-known evangelist, radio speaker, public figure and founder of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel.
34. Speaking in tongues has been a controversial and divisive issue within Evangelicalism. The Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship records (Collection 300, folders 145-17,18 and folder 340-15) include documents which describe the impact of charismatic manifestations in 1963 among Inter-Varsity students at Yale University. Also included is a report describing how the issue was addressed at IVCF's summer camp for chapter leaders at which Yale student leaders reported later that year.
35. Bonnie Stuckless grew up in a Canadian Assembly of God church and has since worked as a missionary with the denomination in Colombia, Panama and Spain. In her oral history interview (Collection 415, tapes T1, 2 and 3) she describes both her youth and personal experience as a Pentecostal but also the charismatic movement and Pentecostals she observed in Colombia.
36. Videotapes of two sermons, "The Restoration of the Gifts of the Spirit to the Church" and "The Price of God's Miracle Working Power" (Collection 457, V119 and V121) by A.A. Allen, a prominent and controversial Pentecostal healing revivalist whose ministry was characterized by an appeal to the poor, an emphasis on unusual miracles and a Pentecostal message.
Minority groups in Evangelicalism:
37. Martin Luther King's invocation during Billy Graham's 1957 New York Crusade. (Collection 26, audio tape T495). This item is just King's prayer, but is evidence of the cooperation Graham was actively committed to.
38. Videotape about John Perkins' life (Collection 367, videotape V1). Perkins is widely known as an author, lecturer, thinker and proponent of a wholistic ministry integrating evangelism and addressing social issues. See videotapes V2,3,4 for a three-part series of Perkins teaching "Introduction to Christian Community Development."
39. Transcripts of messages given by Tom Skinner between 1968 and 1975 during Wheaton College chapels (Collection 430, folder 1-7). Skinner's predominant themes were, as they were throughout his ministry, the black church in America and Christianity and racism. Among the correspondence in folder 1-5, which consists mainly of letters sent to supporters of Tom Skinner Associates, are several letters from 1971 dealing with radio station WMBI's decision to drop Skinner's radio program because they felt he was too political. The collection also includes an oral history the Archives staff conducted with Skinner (tapes T1 and T2).
40. Testimony of Ethel Waters during a Billy Graham 1967 crusade in Winnipeg, Manitoba (Collection 113, film F149). Waters, formerly a jazz vocalist, became a regular musical feature in Graham's crusades.
41. Transcript from an oral history interview with Mother Consuella York (Collection 397, transcript T2). York, an ordained minister and Cook County Jail chaplain from 1975 until her death in 1989 (preceded by 23 years of nonstop jail ministry) Included in her discussion during this 1988 interview her observations about the attitudes toward women ministers. Audio tape T5 is an example of a sermon she preached in 1985, "The Necessity of Knowing God."
42. Jacqueline Huggins now works as a Bible translator in the Philippines with Wycliffe. Within her oral history, Huggins describes her difficult childhood and evangelistic zeal to persuade people not to believe in God, along with her conversion and missionary enthusiasm. She also tells (Collection 545, audio tape T3) of her experience as an African American in a overwhelmingly white institution working in a developing country, and how she was perceived and treated by both groups.
43. The National Summits on Black Church Development were brought together African American Evangelical leaders to discuss the problems and opportunities being faced by the black church in America. The papers, audio tapes and video tapes documenting two of these meetings (1984 and 1986) record a great deal of the plenary and small group proceedings. Among the participants were Tom Skinner, Matthew Parker, Willie Richardson, Joseph Jeter, Haman Cross, Jr., Lem Tucker, John Perkins, Bill Pannell, Dolphus Weary and many others. The "iron sharpening iron" process demonstrates the vitality and thoughtfulness of these leaders. One of the videotapes from the 1986 meetings (Collection 538, video tape V2) includes a discussion on the subject "Development of a Black Christian Film," featuring participants and white film producer Ken Anderson.
Fundamentalism:
44. Correspondence files with Fundamentalist leader John R. Rice (Collection 330, folders 6-7, 10-10, 18-8, 26-6). Rice was another critic of Billy Graham's association with non-Fundamentalist or theologically liberal Christians (see Collection 318, folder 26-17). For Rice's review of Graham's 1962 Chicago crusade in his Sword of the Lord newspaper, see Collection 360, Clipping file, 1962).
45. Correspondence of Moody Church pastor H.A. Ironside with a missionary in the Philippines just before the islands were invaded during World War II (Collection 330, folders 7-9). Ironside, sometimes called "the bishop of Fundamentalism", was the pastor of Moody church from 1930 to 1948. His correspondence files in the Church collection reveal his continuous interaction with Fundamentalist leaders and pastors about current events, prophecy, theological issues, as well as his counseling those who came to him about their problems, and his interchange with missionaries, soldiers, prisoners and others.
46. Scopes Trial transcripts. The trial was one of the century's most famous, bringing into public view the debate between Fundamentalists and proponents of evolution, and the changes in the role of religious teaching in public education. The transcripts include texts of the indictment, judge's decision, verdict, and verbatim record of court proceedings. (Collection 244, Reel 1, Scopes Trial Photo File)
47. Elizabeth Evans' description of the contentious Carl McIntyre (Collection 279, audio tape T3, side 1). Evan's refers to the beliefs of McIntyre's American Council of Christian Churches and tactics used by ACCC leaders at National Association of Evangelical's constitutional meeting. Also see Elisabeth Elliot's reminiscences of McIntyre (Collection 278, audio tape T2, side 1), copies of McIntyre correspondence replying to attacks on his radio work (Collection 209, folders 9-2,3), and material about McIntyre's attacks on Billy Graham (Collection 318, folders 15-15, 35-20, 46-31).
48. Correspondence to and from Bob Jones, Sr. Jones held a significant place in American Protestant Fundamentalist history. (Collection 8, folders 1-32 and 23-30) contain correspondence from and to Jones Sr. (Collection 318, boxes 11 and 12) also contain sometimes heated correspondence Jones and his colleagues had with Billy Graham's father-in-law, L. Nelson Bell.
49. Southern businessman and Fundamentalist/Evangelical leader Vernon Patterson wrote articles (Collection 5, folders 8-2 through 8-7) beginning in the early 1940s on the threat of theological liberalism confronting American Protestantism. In his oral history interview, Patterson, described his work with the influential Fundamentalist Bible school, Moody Bible Institute.
Evangelism and revivals:
50. D.L. Moody letters (Collection 318, folder 38-10). The letters are primarily to Moody's son William, touching occasionally on his evangelistic work but dealing mainly with family matters and Moody's love and concern for his children.
51. Charles Colson emerged into the national spotlight during his service as Special Counsel for President Richard Nixon and his subsequent arrest and conviction during the Watergate scandal. Colson's conversion and subsequent founding of Prison Fellowship after he had served his sentence and authoring various books. Among Colson's papers are letters (Collection 275, folders 2-8,11,15,18) he wrote to Thomas Phillips, who played an important part in his conversion, and letters Collection 275, folder 11-7) Colson wrote to parole officer Edward Soden in June 1974, about ten months after his "born again" experience in which he describes what happened to him and how it affected his life.
52. Billy Sunday sermon texts during his most famous 1917 campaign in New York City (Collection 61, reels 9 through 12). Sunday was one of America's best known mass evangelists, probably most influential between the years 1910 and 1920. Also included on microfilm in the collection is his correspondence with his wife and other family members.
53. Billy Graham's first Hour of Decision television program (Collection 54, videotape V50) . Billy Graham and his evangelistic association (BGEA) made an early attempt to use television for religious broadcasting. These early 1950's films depict the early days of television and Graham's adaptability to the new medium to preach the gospel.
54. Audio recording of a ca. 1928 sermon by evangelist Paul Rader, along with music from the Chicago Gospel Tabernacle (Collection 38, audio tape T2). See also bound volumes of the World Wide Christian Courier, a Tabernacle publication containing transcribed messages, articles and news.
55. Oswald Smith's recorded messages on ministry "How to Deal With Souls," "How I Got Started in the Ministry," and "Seven Missionary Mottos," (Collection 322, audio tapes T2,T6,and T13) and several evangelistic messages, "The Banker's Mistake," "Pilate's Question," and "Somebody Died For You" (audio tape T15). Smith, a Canadian pastor, evangelist, missions promoter, and hymn writer, was influential, not only in Canada, but the US and around the world. To see him urge missionary involvement, check out "Passion for Souls" and "Go Ye" (Collection 225, videotapes V10 and F12)
56. Billy Graham's sermon on Communism (Collection 54, film F69). Graham's persistent preaching of the gospel did not keep him from addressing social and political problems of the day. See Collection 74, videotape V6, which includes a 12-minute segment of Graham and Jesse Jackson being interviewed together on the 9/16/79 broadcast of Sixty Minutes, in which the talk about the relations between Blacks and Jews within the United States; American attitudes toward Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Front are also discussed.
57. Correspondence which illustrates Billy Sunday's growing involvement in the Winona Lake Assembly and Bible Conference (Collection 61, microfilm reel 2; folder 1-30). based in his home town of Winona Lake, Indiana. Sunday's wife Helen was involved in the management of the Conference, as can be seen in her correspondence with William Jennings Bryan on the financial problems of the institution (Collection 61, microfilm reel 3; folder 2-31).
58. Oral history interviews with Wheaton students, staff and faculty about their participation in and observations about the 1995 Wheaton revival. (CN 514; the interviews range in length from 20 minutes to 2 hours but all describe the events of the Wheaton Revival.) Select two from the following ten interviews or others of your choice and listen to 1-1/2 hours of interview(s): T9/T10 (professor Tim Beougher), T14/T15 (professor Lyle Dorsett), T16 (Mary Dorsett), T21/T22 (OCO assistant director Kevin Engel), T26/T27 (music leader Nate Fawcett), T32 (student Sara Henning), TT34/T35 (chaplain Steve Kellough), T39 (student Claudia Lopez), T42 (student Nate Oates), T58/T59/T60 (student leader and WCF president).
59. During her television program I Believe in Miracles Kathryn Kuhlman usually interviewed individuals who had been healed during one of her services or prominent Christians such as Corrie ten Boom. On Collection 212, videotapes V203, V204, V205 and V206 is the four-part series she did featuring a studio full of Jesus People, a nationwide movement which emerged during the 1960s and 70s as an expression of revival of religious enthusiasm among American young people.
60. Cliff Barrows has coordinated the music for Billy Graham's evangelistic ministry since its beginning. Listen to an oral history interview (Collection 463, tape T1), in which he discusses the role of music in evangelism and how he plans the musical component of a crusade meeting.
Involvement in social and political arenas:
61. Fifty-one years (starting in 1883) of The Union Signal, the official newspaper of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (Collection 67, microfilm reels 1 through 37). WCTU fighting to eliminate alcohol, was the largest temperance organization and women's organization in the US before 1900.
62. Audio tape of the 16th annual Presidential Prayer Breakfast in Washington, DC, on February 1, 1968 (Collection 459, audio tape T39). Includes an introduction by Senator Frank Carlson, greetings from the House Breakfast prayer group by Representative Ben Reifel, Old Testament reading by Senator Joseph Tydings, greetings from the Senate prayer group by Senator John Stennis, New Testament reading by Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, prayer for national leaders by Secretary for Housing and Urban Development Robert C. Weaver, message by Army Chief of Staff Harold K. Johnson, address by President Lyndon Johnson, closing prayer by Price Daniel.
63. Correspondence files with the US State Department. Church state relations become very down-to-earth in State Dept. files of the Evangelical Foreign Missions Association records about persecution of Protestants by Catholics in Colombia and Spain. These files reflect concern not only for missionaries working in the two predominantly Catholic countries but for the national Christians suffering the most. (Collection 165, folders 84-20 through 88-3, 88-4 through 89-11) See especially folder 87-13, which documents a campaign to enlist support of US Congressmen and Senators against the Colombian harassment of Protestants.
64. Compilation of photographs and filmed segments of Salvation Army scenes (Collection 98, videotape V1). The video includes commentary on Army history during the 1930s and World War II, followed by a 5-minute sermon by Moody Church pastor Harry Ironside.
65. Audio tape of presentation by Rene Padilla at the International Congress on World Evangelization, also called Lausanne Congress, (Collection 53, audio tape T32). Padilla's presentation "Evangelism and the World," addressed the subject of the relationship between evangelism and social issues. Also see Collection 361, audio tapes T3,T4, part of an oral history interview in which Padilla discusses the Lausanne Congress.
66. Samuel Escobar, has been an outspoken Latin American voice for the interrelationship rather than conflict between evangelism and social action, and advocate of social involvement by Evangelicals. Listen to his address "Social Concern" to university students at the 1970 Urbana (Collection 300 - tape T7).
67. Political involvement and running for office has recently become more acceptable for Evangelicals. William Drury had a long career of urban ministry in New York City and Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania before he ran and lost in the 1976 Republican primary for the U.S. Congress in Lancaster. In his oral history interview (Collection 492, tape T8) he describes his rationale for running, his campaign, as well as his observations about the reluctance of Evangelicals to become involved in ministry in inner cities.