Sociology and Anthropology

Requirements for Major

Requirements for Minor in Social Work

Requirements for Minor in Family Studies

Requirements for Minor in Social Action

Anthropology

Requirements for Major

Requirements for Minor

Gender Studies Certificate Program

Requirements for a Gender Studies Certificate

Sociology Course Descriptions (SOC)

Anthropology Course Descriptions (ANTH)

Social Welfare Course Descriptions (SWEL)

Gender Course Descriptions (GEND)

Professors Allen, Arnold, Mathisen, Nieves

Associate Professor Howell

Assistant Professors Priest, Kim

Sociology and Anthropology are intellectual fraternal twins, born in the nineteenth century from a combination of political philosophy and empirical methodologies. Both still seek to answer questions about human behavior, but recently sociology has focused more on group processes in Europe and European-derived societies, while anthropology has emphasized the patterns individuals share within a society, typically in non-European settings.

The general goal of the department is to develop a biblical foundation for understanding social interaction both within and across cultures. The Sociology faculty recognize the need to communicate the gospel of Jesus Christ at several levels of social interaction. The micro level involves face-to-face communication, for example, in marriage and the family; the middle-range level reflects activities in organizations or social movements; and the macro level presents issues of culture and societal structures. At each level, social processes such as socialization, stratification, urbanization, and social disorganization are examined. The Anthropology faculty emphasize both the particularities of varying cultural systems, as well as the universal characteristics of humans made in the image of God. Recognizing culture as a set of only partial solutions to human problems, Wheaton's Anthropology faculty also examine the ways the Gospel and culture can operate jointly to explain human adaptations in different societies. Similarly, anthropology's exploration of human universals is based on a distinctively Christian perspective, combining a biblical orientation with empirical precision.

Sociology

The Sociology major introduces the student to classic and contemporary literature in the study of social interaction and provides a basis for a wide range of career options. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are used for analysis and provide foundation for graduate and professional training in sociology, social work, organizational management, and allied fields. Opportunities are given to practice critical thinking, oral and written communication skills, and applied experiences. Internships in the metropolitan Chicago area are strongly encouraged. An additional focus of the department is the development of biblical advocacy in the promotion of social justice and equity.

Requirements for a major in Sociology are at least 36 hours including:

The Sociology Core (18 hours):

	SOC 115	Introduction to Sociology
	SOC 376	Sociological Theory
	SOC 383	Statistics
	SOC 482	Social Research
	SOC 494	Senior Capstone in Sociology (2)

An emphasis of at least 12 hours from one of the following three groups:

(A) Social Service and Ministry Emphasis
	SOC 228	Sociology of Sexuality (2)
	SOC 257	Gender Roles (2)
	SOC 337	Racial and Ethnic Relations
	SOC 345x	Sociology of Sport
	SOC 355	Social Class and Inequality
	SOC 356	The Family
	SOC 357	Gender and Social Institutions
	SOC 364	Urban Sociology
	SOC 366	Sociology of Religion
	SOC 367	Crime and Delinquency
	SOC 371	Asians in America
	SWEL 331	Introduction to Social Welfare (2)
	SWEL 332	Human Services Practice (2)
	SWEL 496	Internship in Social Work (4, 8 [1/2 counts toward major])
	SOC 496	Internship in Sociology (4, 8 [1/2 counts toward major])

(B) Social Justice and Inequality Emphasis
	SOC 238	Contemporary Social Concerns (2)
	SOC 326	Environment and Society
	SOC 337	Racial and Ethnic Relations
	SOC 352	Demography and Related Issues
	SOC 355	Social Class and Inequality
	SOC 357	Gender Relations and Social Institutions (2)
	SOC 364	Urban Sociology
	SOC 366	Sociology of Religion
	SOC 367	Crime and Delinquency
	SOC 371	Asians in America
	SOC 373	Sociology of Education
	SOC 385	Social Change
	SOC 496	Internship in Sociology (4, 8 [1/2 counts toward major])

(C) Sociological Thought Emphasis
	SOC 355	Social Class and Inequality
	SOC 364	Urban Sociology
	SOC 366	Sociology of Religion
	SOC 373	Sociology of Education
	SOC 385	Social Change
	SOC 469	Social and Political Movements (2)

Electives – at least six additional hours; must include at least one course in anthropology. An internship in sociology (urban planning, criminal justice, social welfare, social policy, law, or social research) or anthropology, or a professional semester may be designed to meet the individual needs of students. Eight hours of internship credit (SOC 496 or ANTH 496) may be substituted for one sociology course elective. See department chair for further details.

Sociology offers three minors for persons with other majors:

Requirements for a minor in Social Work are 20 hours, including SWEL 331, 332, and 496; plus 12 hours from SOC 228, 238, 257, 337, 356, 367; PSYC 317. This minor is designed for persons interested in a career in social welfare.

Requirements for a minor in Family Studies are 20 hours, including SOC 356, 257, and SOC 352; plus 12 elective hours from SOC 228, 238, or COMM 221; ENGL 326; and PSYC 317. This minor is designed for persons interested in family life in the community and church.

Requirements for a minor in Social Action are 20 hours, including 6-10 required hours of SOC 355, 385, and 482 (482 required if the student does not have a methods course in the major); plus 10-14 elective hours from SOC 238, 337, 352, 364, 366, 367, 469; PHIL 215; PSCI 385; and COMM 363.

For a listing of Sociology classes that meet Gen Ed requirements please refer to “General Education Requirements” in the catalog.

Anthropology

The Anthropology major introduces students to insights into human behavior from a comparative, cross-cultural perspective. As an intrinsically cross-cultural form of inquiry, anthropology offers its own, inherent benefits that students acquire as they encounter ways of thinking and behaving that may be unfamiliar to them. Opportunities for cross-cultural ministry, for careers in business and as consultants, and for Christian citizenship in the world of the twenty-first century can be enhanced greatly for students completing an Anthropology major.

Requirements for a major in Anthropology are at least 36 hours including:

The Anthropology Core (20 hours)

	ANTH 216	Introduction to Anthropology
	ANTH 285	The Craft of Anthropology (2)
	ANTH 355	Human Origins
	ANTH 376	Culture Theory
	ANTH 494	Senior Capstone (2)
	SOC 482	Social Research

Anthropology Electives (16 hours)

	ANTH 282	Culture, Travel and Tourism
	ANTH 333	Ceramics and Culture
	ANTH 335	Cross-Cultural Ethics
	ANTH 344	Topics in Latin American Peoples
	ANTH 353	Biculturalism
	ANTH 354	Culture in the Contemporary World
	ANTH 356	Topics in Pre-Columbian Civilizations
	ANTH 361	Medical Anthropology
	ANTH 362	Globalization
	ANTH 378	Anthropology Through Film
	ANTH 385x	Field Research Methods (HNGR 385)
	ANTH 324	Anthropology of Global Christianity
	ANTH 426	Cultural Ecology
	ANTH 495	Independent Study
	ANTH 496	Internship in Anthropology

Sociology courses of particular relevance to anthropology majors include SOC 337, 356, 366, and 385. Courses from other departments include ARCH 325, 326; BIOL 316, 321; LING 321, 323; and PSYC 235.

Requirements for a minor in Anthropology are 20 hours of anthropology including ANTH 216, 353 or 354, and 494. No more than four hours may be applied from 495 or 496. The minor gives students an opportunity to learn about the field, integrate anthropology with Christian concerns, and provide a basis for further graduate study.

For a listing of Anthropology classes that meet Gen Ed requirements, please refer to “General Education Requirements” in the catalog.

Gender Studies Certificate Program

Coordinator, Brian Howell

The certificate in gender studies is an interdisciplinary program designed to help students investigate national and international questions related to gender. One of the primary goals of the program is to strengthen critical thinking skills through the study of global sociopolitical gender concerns, biblical and historical approaches to femininity and masculinity, relationships between men and women, and the complex cultural processes involved in gender construction. The interdisciplinary focus of the program prepares students to become proactive participants in the world by exposing them to economic, political, and cultural realities at home and around the world. Responsible Christian inquiry coupled with increasing cultural sensitivity can help create effective ambassadors for Christ in our rapidly changing world.

The program’s academic home is the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, providing a foundational understanding of sociocultural factors related to gender. The program assumes that solid Christian inquiry is foundational to productive scholarship and problem solving regarding issues that face our world today. As such, we strive to provide students with resources from our Christian heritage that will equip them for local and global leadership in all areas that pertain to human diversity.

Students from any major are eligible for the 24-hour gender studies certificate. Students will complete a ten-hour core of courses that investigate sociological and theological approaches to gender issues, and end their study with a capstone course designed to integrate approaches from several key disciplines. In addition, students will select 14 hours of classes from a variety of offerings from different departments. These classes will be distributed among three main areas: theology and theory; social and historical context; and cultural considerations of everyday life.

Requirements for a Gender Studies Certificate and Courses Offered

Core (10 hours)

	GEND 383x	Feminist Theology (2)
	GEND 494	Capstone Course (4)
	SOC 257	Gender Roles (2)
	SOC 357	Gender Relations and Social Institutions (2)

Content Units (14 hours) Students select courses from each of the following areas. At least three different disciplines need to be represented in courses selected.

	Theology and Theory (4-6 hours)

	PSCI 145	Political Philosophy (4)
	PHIL 347	Feminist Philosophy (2)
	ENGL 434	Modern Literary Theory (4)
	BITH 432	Ruth and Esther (2)
	BITH 354	Women in the NT (2)
	PSYC 431	Advanced Developmental (4)

	Social, Historical, & Global Context (4-6 hours)

	IR 155	Comparative Politics (4)
	ANTH 362	Globalization (2)
	HIST 347	Men, Women, & Society in Early Modern Europe (4)
	HIST 452	History of Women in the U.S. (4)
	PSCI 337	Women and Politics (2)

	Gender in Life and Culture (4-6 hours)

	SOC 356	Sociology of Families (4)
	SOC 228	Sociology of Sexuality (2)
	ENGL 375	Woman Writers (2)
	ENGL 349	African American Literature (4)
	ENGL 201	Non-Western Literature (2)
	ART 329	Community Art (2)
	ART 382	Art and Technology (3)
	ART 319	Documentary Photography (3)
	INTR 552	Women in Missions (2)

Flexible Course Additions (2-4 hours). On a case-by-case basis, the Gender Studies Certificate can include courses and independent study work in which students participate in a class with gender-related topics and/or pursue work directly related to the issues addressed in the Gender Studies program. This can occur in one of two ways.

	Special Topics Courses that are offered on an occasional basis and address gender-related topics may be petitioned for acceptance as partial fulfillment of the Course Content Units in either the Social, Historical, and Global Context or Gender in Life and Culture. Examples include, but are not limited to, ENGL 348 (Special Topics in Literature) or COMM 424 (Special Topics in Communication).
	With permission of the professor and Gender Studies program, students could take a course in which they pursue gender issues as a significant part of the course. An example is RELI 361 in which a student would focus on gender in ancient Near Eastern Religion.

Sociology Courses (SOC)

SOC 115. Introduction to Sociology. An overview of the theory, methodology, and conceptualizations of the discipline of sociology. Offers opportunity to develop an understanding of American society.

SOC 211x. Issues in Environmental Science. See ENVR 221.

SOC 228. Sociology of Sexuality. The sociopsychological study related to all phases of human sexual behavior. Presented within a Christian value framework, the course provides a sociocultural context for connecting the private and personal to public issues and concerns. (2)

SOC 238. Contemporary Social Concerns. An in-depth seminar focusing on major concerns of society, such as: problems of youth, the elderly, AIDS, homelessness, human rights, prison reform, and toxic waste. (2)

SOC 241x. Social Psychology. See PSYC 241.

SOC 257. Gender Roles. Origins, implications, and effects of gender roles; gender socialization via family, education, media, and religious influences. Critique offered from biblical perspectives. (2)

SOC 326. Environment and Society. Consideration of economic, political, cultural, and demographic forces that cause human modifications of the natural world, the resulting social and environmental problems and public controversies, including public policy implications of such issues as global climate change and environmental justice. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 337. Racial and Ethnic Relations. Sociohistorical and cultural aspects of race and ethnicity in America. Through class discussion, films, and research about minority cultures, students explore and examine such sociological concepts as assimilation, conflict, and pluralism. The emphasis of the course is on an applied perspective with a policy orientation. Prerequisite: SOC 115 and sophomore standing or above or consent of the instructor.

SOC 345x. Sociology of Sport. See AHS 345.

SOC 352. Demography and Related Issues. Application of population studies to American and Two-Thirds World concerns, such as: family planning, immigration, poverty, and teenage pregnancy; social and economic implications of population trends. Also recommended for business, political science, and education majors. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 355. Social Class and Inequality. An examination of the theories and explanations of the origins and perpetuation of social inequality, class, and stratification. Consideration of both classical and modern perspectives, as well as explanations of the relationship among stratification, status, occupation, and mobility; descriptions of various class characteristics and an examination of selected relationships between class and other areas of social participation.

SOC 356. The Family. Examination of family trends and the dynamic nature of marriage; family patterns from cross-cultural, institutional, interactional, and related perspectives.

SOC 357. Gender Relations and Social Institutions. This course builds on a foundation laid in SOC 257 Gender Roles by examining the historical and social structures that have defined what it means to be men and women. Also considered are gender-related social movements, gender arrangements cross-culturally, and the impact political, economic, and religious systems have on gender relationships. (2) Prerequisite: SOC 257 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 364. Urban Sociology. Growth and patterning of city life; social relations and social institutions in the city; examination of urban problems and proposed solutions. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 366. Sociology of Religion. Religion as a social phenomenon and its functions for the individual and society. Focus upon religious socialization, measurement of religious behavior, and variety of religious roles; includes organizational forms and relationships to other social institutions. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 367. Crime and Delinquency. The incidence, nature, and development of crime and delinquency in America; methods of control, treatment, and prevention, including current research and innovations in approaching juvenile and adult offenders. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 373. Sociology of Education. Examines the social role of education in postindustrial societies. Different types of schools and their effects on academic achievement are examined, and students are encouraged to participate in the growth and development of schools where possible. Christian perspectives on education, learning, and schools are emphasized. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 376. Sociological Theory. A survey of social thought of classical theorists, such as Weber, Durkheim, and Marx, as well as an overview of contemporary social theory. Addresses the various theoretical perspectives, as well as the current lack of consensus in social theory.

SOC 371. Asians in America. This course is designed to help students understand the diversity and histories of “Asian” Americans with a focus on the post-1965 waves. In addition to understanding Asian Americans from sociological and historical categories, we will also examine religion in the Asian American experiences.

SOC 383. Statistics. An introduction to statistics common in social research. Topics include descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, significance, correlation, analysis of variance, regression and non-parametric statistics. Emphasis is on application, including the use of the computer as an effective tool. Prerequisite: SOC 115 or consent of the instructor.

SOC 385. Social Change. Explores sources, patterns, and sociohistoric contexts related to social change, such as globalization, social movements, technological innovation, economic and political forces.

SOC 391. Environmental Risk Assessment and Management. Introduces students to how risks are perceived, evaluated, and managed, including the relationship of assessment with cost-benefit decision analysis and other tools for improving environmental decisions. Addresses current or recent issues of risk assessment, management, and communication.

SOC 427. Sociology of Organizations. This course scrutinizes the effects of complex organizations on persons, families, communities, churches, and nations. The effects are studied in areas of education, politics, religion, government, business, criminal justice, media, and social services. Attention is paid to how complex organizations influence the church’s mission in this postindustrial era.

SOC 469. Social and Political Movements. Analysis of social conditions fostering such groups as terrorist movements, Christian communes, Greenpeace, and Amnesty International. Case study and seminar approach. (2)

SOC 482. Social Research. Techniques and methods for scientific research in the social sciences; review of significant literature, field research experience with emphasis on a research project. Prerequisite: SOC 115, 376, 383, or consent of the instructor.

SOC 494. Senior Capstone. A capstone seminar focusing on the integration of sociology and Christianity. Examination of the philosophies, literature, and research of selected problem areas in the discipline. Recommended for seniors. Prerequisite: SOC 115, 376, or consent of the instructor. (2)

SOC 495. Independent Study. Guided reading and research for the advanced major or research internship in ongoing institutional or faculty research. Formal student proposal required. (1-4)

SOC 496. Internship in Sociology. Credit given in connection with internship assignment in social research, criminal justice, law, urban ministries, urban planning, or social policy. Offered as a block placement for an entire semester on or off campus (in the Chicago area). Sociology majors may apply eight hours of internship credit toward one sociology elective course. See department for details, including course prerequisites. (4, 8)

Anthropology Courses (ANTH)

ANTH 216. Introduction to Anthropology. A general overview of the field of anthropology, including an examination of the principal assumptions, methods, and results of cultural anthropology which give an understanding of other cultures. Human origins, along with other aspects of modern anthropology, are also addressed from a Christian perspective.

ANTH 282. Culture, Travel and Tourism. Tourism and other forms of international travel have become important sites of anthropological inquiry as increasing numbers of people have their most significant cross-cultural experiences through the travel industry, either as participants or providers. This course will explore the anthropological literature around these phenomena, with a focus on the consequences of such travel for the construction of culture and cultural differences. (2)

ANTH 285. The Craft of Anthropology. An introduction to anthropological research emphasizing basic skills in library, cross-cultural research, and written presentation. (2)

ANTH 324. Anthropology of Global Christianity. This course explores the diverse manifestations of Christianity around the globe. Using anthropological theory and method, particular attention will be paid to the non-Western church, exploring the relationship between the Gospel and culture around the world. (2)

ANTH 333. Ceramics and Culture. This course surveys the manufacture, social organization, and use of pottery production in preindustrial societies. The main foci are on the production, technology, and relationships with social and cultural patterns, and their relation to the interpretation of archaeological ceramics. Will also examine relationships between techniques and understanding the cultural contexts of ancient ceramics. (2)

ANTH 335. Cross-Cultural Ethics. This course explores the dimensions of ethical decision making for the Christian in cross-cultural settings. The emphasis is more on the development of ethical thinking across cultures than on the acquisition of ethically related information. Included is a major review of the implications of cultural relativism for Christian ethics. (2)

ANTH 344. Topics in Latin American Peoples. An illustrated survey and readings of the major cultural patterns of Indian and Hispanic Latin America with a course-specific topical focus in one area such as Andean South America, Lowland South America, or the contemporary Maya, and the effect of modern processes of urbanization and cultural change on them. Course may be repeated for credit for a different topic. (2)

ANTH 353. Biculturalism. Principles of anthropology that highlight understanding of, and adapting to, other cultures, with focus on the problems of cross-cultural adaptation and ministry for the Christian. Relevant for HNGR interns, missions, C.E., and Biblical Studies majors, and all who are interested in cross-cultural work.

ANTH 354. Culture in the Contemporary World. Exploring how “culture” relates to identity, interpretation of Scripture, and the practice of the Christian life, this course provides students with an understanding of basic anthropological approaches to culture and how those approaches relate to contemporary issues such as racialization, language ideology, conceptions of gender, neocolonialism, and missions. Requires sophomore standing and above or consent of instructor.

ANTH 355. Human Origins. This course surveys the biological and cultural evidence for fossil humans and seeks to understand that evidence within a Christian framework that is true to the integrity of the data, philosophy of science, biblical hermeneutics, and theology.

ANTH 356. Topics in Pre-Columbian Civilizations. An extensive, illustrated survey of the achievements of the lost civilizations of the New World. Full-course topics include the Incas, the ancient Maya, and ‘Pre-Inca Civilizations of the Andes.’ Emphasis will occur on the lessons that can be learned, especially for problem solving in third world development settings. (2)

ANTH 361. Medical Anthropology. Cultural differences in conceptions of illness and health care, and the processes of change in medical systems throughout the contemporary world. Relevant for health care professions, missions, HNGR. (2)

ANTH 362. Globalization. The rapid increase in information and transportation technology has made Americans more aware than ever of the flow of culture around the world; Thai students can dine on Mexican food while listening to U.S. hip-hop. But what does it really mean? Is globalization a new stage of global culture or an old process in new garb? This class will explore the definition, phenomenon, and impact of globalization as it relates to the concept of culture. (2)

ANTH 376. Culture Theory. The culture concept has gone through numerous transformations since it was first introduced into anthropology in the nineteenth century, and this course briefly surveys historical theories in anthropology, but highlights structuralist, poststructuralist, postmodernist, Marxist, feminist, postcolonial, and transaction theories.

ANTH 378. Anthropology Through Film. The medium of film can provide a window into the heart of a society, giving the viewer a chance to see inside the culture and minds of a people. This course will use commercial (“Hollywood”) films as opportunities to explore themes and theories in anthropology, in order to gain insight into anthropological concepts and the society(ies) or subcultures from which the films originate. (2)

ANTH 385x. Field Research Methods. See HNGR 385.

ANTH 426. Cultural Ecology. A review of the theory of cultural ecology and cultural materialism in their roles in understanding cross-cultural regularities, with examples and applications especially from the third world. (2)

ANTH 494. Senior Capstone. A capstone seminar which evaluates contemporary issues within anthropology to address the relationship between Christianity and anthropological epistemologies, theories, and methods. Prerequisite: ANTH 216. (2)

ANTH 495. Independent Study. Guided reading and research for the advanced students, or research internship in ongoing institutional or faculty research. Prerequisite: ANTH 285. (1-4)

ANTH 496. Internship in Anthropology. Credit given in connection with an internship assignment in medical anthropology, missions, HNGR, cross-cultural settings which involve education, development, business, or family life with participation of a faculty anthropologist. Majors may apply eight hours of internship credit toward one anthropology elective course. See department for details, including course prerequisites. (4, 8)

Social Welfare Courses (SWEL)

SWEL 331. Introduction to Social Welfare. Examination and critique of the social welfare institution in America; its history, value orientation, issues past and present, and the agencies through which social welfare is administered. Christian perspect